笑看风云淡 发表于 2008-8-21 11:51

人与人之间最亲密的距离应该多远

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">世界上最远的距离,不是生与死的距离,而是我站在你面前,你不知道我爱你</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”—</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">泰戈尔的这句诗,常常被恰当地引用在各种煽情时刻,它也恰好抛出一个值得思考的问题:在彼此有爱的两个人之间,物理距离与心理距离到底哪个决定了我们的亲密关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">那令人揪心的亲密距离,到底可以有多远</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">?<BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  <SPAN class=ttag>美国</SPAN>社会心理学家霍尔就曾经针对人与人之间的物理距离做过调研,他发现我们之间存在着四种类型的人际距离:</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  公众距离范围在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">360</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">760</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米之间,它属于人际交往中的正式距离。处于该距离的人,可以很容易地采取躲避或防卫行为。它多出现在陌生人之间,或正规场合。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  社交距离较近的社交距离是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">120</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">210</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米,多出现在个人交往中,如职场交往和商业会议;较远的社交距离为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">120</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">360</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米,一般正式的公务性接触大多保持这种距离。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  个人距离范围大约在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">44</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">120</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米之间,这个距离通常是与朋友交谈或日常同事间接触的空间距离。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  亲密距离在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">0</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">44</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米的范围内,这种距离只出现在有特殊关系的人之间,如父母与子女、夫妻、恋人。对关系亲密的人来说,这个距离可以感受到对方的气味和体温等信息。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  若是根据这个研究的结论,我们和亲密的人之间的物理距离,最远只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">44</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米。这相当于谷歌地球图像卫星能够拍摄到的最小精确度。可是,正如泰戈尔的诗中所言,就算我们与亲密的人之间的物理距离在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">44</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">厘米之内,心中却没有彼此,靠这么近有何用</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">?<BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  的确,物理距离虽然在一定程度上体现了两个人是否亲密,但是却无法决定它,真正决定我们的亲密关系和亲密感的,是心理上的亲密距离。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>  很多人也许都明白亲密距离与保持平衡的重要性,也想尝试与他人保持平衡型的距离。亲密距离不是一开始就摆好的位置,而是在互动中慢慢形成的,它是一个动态的过程,在这个过程中两个人都要自我暴露,当双方彼此了解之后,逐渐就形成了两个人之间特定的亲密距离。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一碗汤的距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是日本学者在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">70</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年代提出的家庭亲和理论,当时,日本的空巢家庭现象非常严重,日本学者提倡亲情养老,子女的住处应该和老人的住处离得不太远,这样子女既拥有自己的空间,又方便照顾老人。于是他们提出了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一碗汤的距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">,指子女从自己家中给老人住处送去一碗汤,汤送到老人手上还不会降温变凉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">—</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">以此来形容亲子间相对独立,又不失亲密的距离。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  很多社会心理学家近期都开始研究这个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">汤距</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">,并将其作为衡量亲密距离物理长度的最贴切标准。它还被环境心理学家运用到楼市设计中,将适于年轻人居住的户型和适于老年人居住的户型结合到一座小区内,使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一碗汤的距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的小区,成为新新人类居住的最佳地点。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  将这个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一碗汤的距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">引申一下,它不单单可以用来形容物理距离,也可以当成是心理上亲密距离的生动标准。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  两颗心灵之间的距离,要用温度来测量,而不是用直尺。这个温度是最舒适、最适于人体的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">28℃</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">32℃</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">,不会过热也不会过冷。两颗心并不常常贴在一起,但是在其中一颗心灵需要关怀的时刻,另一颗很快就能传递过去一碗温暖的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">心灵鸡汤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  所以说,亲密关系是一门</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">送汤距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的学问,我们每个人都需要通过练习,来调整这个距离来与他人共享内在的生活。你保有你,我保有我,还有一个你我相加的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">我们</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">。它需要尊重、信任、真诚、理解、宽容、志趣、人生目标、责任、朋友和幽默感等多方面的认同。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  至此,如果回答本文一开始提出的问题:亲密距离到底有多远</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">我想你已经有了答案。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">  这世界上并没有永恒的距离,只有出于爱的愿望而对亲密距离的不断调整,那就是身体和心灵上的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一碗汤的距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">。</SPAN></FONT><B><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>

白雪迎春 发表于 2008-8-21 22:20

原文由 快乐泳者 发表: <BR><P align=center><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008821165617399.jpg"></P><BR><BR>

冰川美人 发表于 2008-8-21 23:12

<BR><P align=center><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008821165617399.jpg"></P><BR><BR>

快乐泳者 发表于 2008-8-21 16:56

<BR><P align=center><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008821165617399.jpg"></P><BR><BR>

海底森林 发表于 2008-8-21 23:52

<FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>这世界上并没有永恒的距离,只有出于爱的愿望而对亲密距离的不断调整,那就是身体和心灵上的</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>一碗汤的距离</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-ascii-font-family: " Roman?? New ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; Times>。</SPAN></FONT>

荥阳老龙王 发表于 2008-8-22 15:33

<BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008822153246113.jpg"><BR><BR>
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 人与人之间最亲密的距离应该多远