解放战争时期的长春
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> 长春市位于东北大平原中部,地势平坦,交通方便,战略地位十分重要。抗日战争胜利后,国民党政府为了抢夺胜利果实,发动了反人民内战,国共两党在此展开了激烈的斗争。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> (一)日本投降与苏军进驻长春</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"> <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="8" Month="8" Year="1945">1945<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>年</SPAN></SPAN>8<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>月</SPAN></SPAN>8<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>日</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,前苏联政府对日宣战,百万红军出兵东北,日本关东军遭到了沉重的打击。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="15" Month="8" Year="2007">8<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>月</SPAN></SPAN>15<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>日</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,日本无条件投降。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="18" Month="8" Year="2007">8<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>月</SPAN></SPAN>18<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>日</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,伪满洲国皇帝宣布退位。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="20" Month="9" Year="2007">9<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>月</SPAN></SPAN>20<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"><SPAN lang=EN-US>日</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,苏联红军进驻长春,成立了长春卫戍司令部,逮捕了伪满洲国各部大臣,连同溥仪先后押往苏联,伪都长春同东北一起光复,日本帝国主义苦心经营</SPAN>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年的伪满洲国彻底覆灭。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> 前苏联政府对日宣战后,东北抗日联军联合作战。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="20" Month="9" Year="1945"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">1945</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,抗联教导旅旅长、东北党委书记周保中以苏军驻长卫戍司令部司令的身份,率领部分抗联战士进驻长春,协助苏军接管伪满政权,同时组建人民武装,筹建民主政权。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="8" Month="11" Year="2007"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,经苏方同意,中共中央东北局调中共山东分局社会部长、山东省政府秘书长刘居英(未公开身份)出任长春市市长。刘居英接管长春市政府后,立即发布协助苏军实行军管,保障市民正当权益,发展自由贸易,严惩罪大恶极汉奸,取消苛捐杂税,兴办国民教育,开展市政建设等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">项施政纲领,表达了中国共产党的民主主张和争取和平的愿望。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> (二)接收与反接收的斗争</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">抗日战争胜利后,为了抢夺胜利果实,龟缩在重庆的国民党政府<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="任命赵">任命赵</st1:PersonName>君迈为长春市市长。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="12" Month="10" Year="1945"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">1945</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,国民党政府派东北行营主任熊式辉、专员蒋经国等来长,要求驻长苏军协助接收长春。驻长苏军以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">中国内政,不便协助</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">为由,拒绝了熊式辉的要求。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> 行政接收破产后,国民党便以中国合法政府的身份,借口履行《中苏友好同盟条约》,挑起外交纠纷,要求驻长苏军移交权利。在国民党外交攻势和美英等国的压力下,前苏联政府被迫同意将沈阳、长春等大城市移交给国民党政府。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="14" Month="12" Year="1945"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">1945</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,刘居英撤出长春市区。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="22" Month="12" Year="2007"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,国民党市长<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="赵">赵</st1:PersonName>君迈进入长春,国民党将收编的伪满</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">铁石部队</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">刘德溥部改为东北保安第二总队空运长春,长春市变成了国民党与伪满残余势力控制的城市。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="14" Month="4" Year="1946"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">1946</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,苏军离长回国,下午</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">时,周保中率部进攻长春。经过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">天</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">夜激战,全歼守敌两万余人,国民党市长<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="赵">赵</st1:PersonName>君迈等被俘,刘居英市长返回长春。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> 外交接收失败后,国民党转为武力接收。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">1946</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月,国民党政府调集了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">个师的兵力,分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">路进攻长春。面对敌强我弱的形势,刘居英市长和驻长东北民主联军于</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="22" Month="5" Year="2007"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日午夜</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">主动撤出长春市区,转入农村建立根据地。国民党再次占领长春,尚传道任国民党代市长。国民党侵占长春后,推行反共反人民政策,以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">整顿治安肃清共党</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">为名,逮捕和杀害无辜;以接收</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">敌伪资产</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">为名,没收了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">189</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">家工厂;以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">整顿税收</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">为名,搜刮民财,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">80%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的中小企业相继倒闭;以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">整顿私立学校</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">为名,扣发教员工薪。国民党的反动统治,激起了长春人民的义愤,工人罢工,教师罢教,长春大学</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">反饥饿、反迫害、反迁校</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的战斗风起云涌,动摇了国民党在长春的统治。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> (三)久困重围与和平解放</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"> 1947</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年后,国民党在长春成立了东北</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">剿总</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">第一兵团,妄图固守长春。长春沦为伪满国都期间,曾是日本侵略者重点设防的城市。国民党军在此基础上,大肆构筑城防工事,增修永久性、半永久性的明碉暗堡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">150</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">余个,形成了要塞式的防御体系。东北人民解放军采取</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">久困重围</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的方针对长春实行军事包围、经济封锁和政治瓦解。国民党驻军为了固守待援,推行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">杀民养军</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">政策,大肆搜刮民粮驱逐百姓出城,砍伐街路树木,拆毁城市建筑修碉堡,长春这座近代化城市遭到了严重的破坏。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">30.7%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的房屋被拆毁,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">33%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的输电设备被拉走,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">70%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的供水设备遭破坏,疮痍满目,惨不忍睹。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">久困重围</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的方针,加剧了国民党守军中的矛盾。非嫡系部队六十军弃吉就长后,寄人篱下,苦不堪言。在解放军的强大攻势下,军心动摇。解放军派代表多次秘密会见军长曾泽生,晓以大义,动员起义。曾泽生在突围无望,守城必亡的严峻形势下,决定率部起义。六十军起义后,新七军孤立无援,被迫向解放军投降。郑洞国见大势已去,决定放下武器,投身人民。</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="19" Month="10" Year="1948"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">1948</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,长春和平解放。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???"> 和平解放史称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">兵不血刃</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">,然而长春的和平解放却是用血的代价换来的。长春的优秀儿女为了家乡和全中国的解放,在长春外围战斗中伤亡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">4000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">多人,在市区遭国民党杀害的共产党员和爱国志士</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">300</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">多人,还有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">多万人民群众在国民党</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">杀民养军</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ???; mso-hansi-font-family: ???">的政府下饥饿而死,长眠在长春这块土地上。他们用血肉之躯和累累白骨,同国民党进行了殊死搏斗,终于赢得了和平解放。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ???"> </SPAN></P> 谢谢yuli.<br> 电影“兵临城下”,描写的就是长春解放的历史。
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