水中自救与救生
<TABLE height=600 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=980 align=center border=0><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width=700><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="96%" align=center border=0><TBODY><TR><TD class=titlefont align=middle height=30>水中自救与救生</TD></TR><TR><TD class=OTableline align=middle bgColor=#f3f3f3 height=25><FONT class=info_font title=中国冬泳网>转贴</FONT></TD></TR><TR><TD class=content_font vAlign=top height=300><BR> <br><TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 2.25pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 2.25pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2.25pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 2.25pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top colSpan=3><TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">一般在水中所发生之意外事件,通常由于两个原因:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">一、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">惊恐慌张:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>人于身历险境时,会因紧张而导致肌肉收缩、身体僵硬,而致活动力降低。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>二、体力耗竭:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>不断之挣扎,将体力耗尽,减少生存之机会。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>发生溺水事件时,必须镇定冷静,了解自己所处环境,并利用本身浮力或身边物来自救求生。水中自救之基本原则为『保持体力;以最少体力,而在水中维持最长时间』为达此要求,必须缓和呼吸频率,放松肌肉,并减缓动作。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水中求生之基本原则为『利用身上或身旁任何可增加浮力的物体,使身体浮在水上,以待救援。』</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水母漂</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>深吸气之后,脸向下埋在水中,双足与双手向下自然伸直,与水面略成垂直,有如蓝水母状之漂浮。当换气时双手向下压水,双足前后夹水,再抬头,利用瞬间吸气,继续成漂浮状态;如此在水中便可以持续很长的时间。练习水母漂浮时,身体应尽量放松,使身体表面积与水之接触面加大,以增加浮力:同时,应将双眼张开,以消除恐惧。另外,头在水中时,应自然缓慢吐气,不可故以憋气,以节省体力,而在水中维持较长时间。</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">抽筋自解</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的原因:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>抽筋又称痉挛。当肌肉受到神经组织的刺激致引起肌肉收缩或血管受到刺激而逐渐关闭,使血液循环不良,造成抽筋的现象。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>由于血管收缩影响局部肌肉的物质语气体之交换,故而引起肌肉痉挛,常在赛跑或游泳时发生。当很强烈的导热作用再皮肤中发散时,一方面因皮肤受到刺激,致反射性的引起中枢神经系统过度兴奋,甚至失常,因而使交感神经兴奋亢进,血管收缩;另一方面还能直接引起皮下血管收缩。血管收缩时,便影响肌肉中物质与气体的交换,而使代谢产物在已经疲劳的肌肉里堆积起来,改变了肌肉的内部环境,因而提高肌肉的兴奋性,以致引起发生抽筋的部位,原有功能失去,且疼痛不已,使泳者因紧张、恐惧而导致溺水事件。</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">依据分析,抽筋的原因有下列几种:</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>经过长时间的运动而引起肌肉疲劳,未予休息而继续运动时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>骤增运动的负荷强度,或突然改变运动的方式而引起肌肉急剧收缩时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>运动姿势不正确时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水温太低时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>准备运动不足时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>情绪过度紧张时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋常发生的部位:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉痉挛常发生的部位以小腿之排肠肌与比目鱼肌为最多,其次为足跟、足底、手指、大腿、上臂、腹部等。调查显示,肌肉痉挛的部位为小腿、足趾、足底、大腿等。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的持续时间:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">一般而言,肌肉痉挛的时间不长,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">分钟以内者占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">45</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">﹪,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">分钟以内占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">39.1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">﹪,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">分钟以上者则不多见。因为肌肉痉挛时,均是疼痛难当,发作后均经人处理,如拉长肌肉与按摩等,其持续时间可因此而缩短。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的季节</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉痉挛的季节以夏季为最多;其次为春季、冬季、秋季。春夏两季通常是比赛季节的初期,且运动时间较长,因此其比例亦较高。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的时刻:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉痉挛的发生时刻,亦与运动的时刻有密切的关系,通常以下午为多,再睡眠中发生率亦高;由此可知,剧烈的身体活动,不一定是发生肌肉痉挛的唯一原因。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>抽筋的处理方法</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">:<BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">手指抽筋:先用力握拳,然后迅速用力张开,并向后压;如此反复动作致复元为止。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">手掌抽筋:两掌相合手指交叉,反转掌心向外,用力伸张,或是用另一手贴置于抽筋的手掌上,用力压,或是握住四指用力后弯,直至复元为止。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">主要溺毙原因</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>岩石湿滑、隐石滑动、间距大(导致被水冲走或卡住石缝的意外)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水温层异大、水冰冷。(导致抽筋)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>漩涡暗流多。(导致被水冲走)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>河床落差大。(导致被水冲走)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>豪雨山洪暴发。(导致被水冲走)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>穿着牛仔裤下水。(吸水后笨重的牛仔裤往往是拖住泳客的致命伤)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>一般来说,较容易发生溺水处,应属郊外池塘、河堤、潭、湖等地方,表面上观察水性清镜亮丽,在大自然环境遮掩下,民众往往不知水底重重危机,例如洞穴、异物、漩涡,都是危险所在。</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">若发现有人溺水,除应立刻通知</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">119</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">与当地救难人员协助求援。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">可就地取材,树木、树藤、枝干、木块、矿泉瓶都可利用来救人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">可就地取材,树木、树藤、枝干、木块、矿泉瓶都可利用来救人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">可在岸边将浮圈丢给溺毙的人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">注意:若您未受过专业救人的训练或未领有救生证的人,切记请不要轻易下水救人。谨记一点:会游泳并不代表您会救人。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>若您是专业救生员请参考下列文字说明,以确保个人安全及溺水者顺利平安被救:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">抢救溺水者需要入水,须先脱衣解裤,以免被溺水者缠往而无法脱身。游到溺水者面前约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">公尺,先吸大口气潜入水底从溺水者背后施救,才不致于被对方困住。须知当一个面临死亡的一瞬间,出劲的力量绝对惊人,万一被溺水者缠住,应速设法摆脱,不然准死无疑。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">摆脱法有两种:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>(一)握紧拳头狠狠重击溺水者后脑,使他昏迷,再拖上岸。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>(二)深吸一口气憋住,把对方压下水底,有如同归于尽,但溺水者这时为了吸气,必定踩您肩头上,您可趁此机会顶住他三至五秒,让其头部露出水面,顺畅换气及观察四周,配合岸上的同伴把木块、木头、保特瓶等漂浮物投入水中,只要溺水者抓住任何一物都能保命。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>其实,人体与水的比重相差不多,溺水者只要放松心情,获救的机会将会大幅提升。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> 原文由 MLX 发表: <br><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>好教材,学习了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200749202041371.gif"><BR><BR></SPAN></P> <P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT size=3>好教材,学习了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200749202041371.gif"><BR><BR></SPAN></P> 原文由 水上游 发表: <br><TABLE height=600 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=980 align=center border=0><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top width=700><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="96%" align=center border=0><TBODY><TR><TD class=titlefont align=middle height=30>水中自救与救生</TD></TR><TR><TD class=OTableline align=middle bgColor=#f3f3f3 height=25><FONT class=info_font title=中国冬泳网>转贴</FONT></TD></TR><TR><TD class=content_font vAlign=top height=300><BR> <BR><TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 2.25pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 2.25pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2.25pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 2.25pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top colSpan=3><TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">一般在水中所发生之意外事件,通常由于两个原因:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">一、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">惊恐慌张:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>人于身历险境时,会因紧张而导致肌肉收缩、身体僵硬,而致活动力降低。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>二、体力耗竭:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>不断之挣扎,将体力耗尽,减少生存之机会。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>发生溺水事件时,必须镇定冷静,了解自己所处环境,并利用本身浮力或身边物来自救求生。水中自救之基本原则为『保持体力;以最少体力,而在水中维持最长时间』为达此要求,必须缓和呼吸频率,放松肌肉,并减缓动作。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水中求生之基本原则为『利用身上或身旁任何可增加浮力的物体,使身体浮在水上,以待救援。』</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水母漂</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>深吸气之后,脸向下埋在水中,双足与双手向下自然伸直,与水面略成垂直,有如蓝水母状之漂浮。当换气时双手向下压水,双足前后夹水,再抬头,利用瞬间吸气,继续成漂浮状态;如此在水中便可以持续很长的时间。练习水母漂浮时,身体应尽量放松,使身体表面积与水之接触面加大,以增加浮力:同时,应将双眼张开,以消除恐惧。另外,头在水中时,应自然缓慢吐气,不可故以憋气,以节省体力,而在水中维持较长时间。</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">抽筋自解</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的原因:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>抽筋又称痉挛。当肌肉受到神经组织的刺激致引起肌肉收缩或血管受到刺激而逐渐关闭,使血液循环不良,造成抽筋的现象。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>由于血管收缩影响局部肌肉的物质语气体之交换,故而引起肌肉痉挛,常在赛跑或游泳时发生。当很强烈的导热作用再皮肤中发散时,一方面因皮肤受到刺激,致反射性的引起中枢神经系统过度兴奋,甚至失常,因而使交感神经兴奋亢进,血管收缩;另一方面还能直接引起皮下血管收缩。血管收缩时,便影响肌肉中物质与气体的交换,而使代谢产物在已经疲劳的肌肉里堆积起来,改变了肌肉的内部环境,因而提高肌肉的兴奋性,以致引起发生抽筋的部位,原有功能失去,且疼痛不已,使泳者因紧张、恐惧而导致溺水事件。</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">依据分析,抽筋的原因有下列几种:</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>经过长时间的运动而引起肌肉疲劳,未予休息而继续运动时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>骤增运动的负荷强度,或突然改变运动的方式而引起肌肉急剧收缩时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>运动姿势不正确时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水温太低时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>准备运动不足时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>情绪过度紧张时。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋常发生的部位:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉痉挛常发生的部位以小腿之排肠肌与比目鱼肌为最多,其次为足跟、足底、手指、大腿、上臂、腹部等。调查显示,肌肉痉挛的部位为小腿、足趾、足底、大腿等。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的持续时间:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">一般而言,肌肉痉挛的时间不长,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">分钟以内者占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">45</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">﹪,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">分钟以内占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">39.1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">﹪,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">分钟以上者则不多见。因为肌肉痉挛时,均是疼痛难当,发作后均经人处理,如拉长肌肉与按摩等,其持续时间可因此而缩短。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的季节</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉痉挛的季节以夏季为最多;其次为春季、冬季、秋季。春夏两季通常是比赛季节的初期,且运动时间较长,因此其比例亦较高。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉抽筋的时刻:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>肌肉痉挛的发生时刻,亦与运动的时刻有密切的关系,通常以下午为多,再睡眠中发生率亦高;由此可知,剧烈的身体活动,不一定是发生肌肉痉挛的唯一原因。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>抽筋的处理方法</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">:<BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">手指抽筋:先用力握拳,然后迅速用力张开,并向后压;如此反复动作致复元为止。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">手掌抽筋:两掌相合手指交叉,反转掌心向外,用力伸张,或是用另一手贴置于抽筋的手掌上,用力压,或是握住四指用力后弯,直至复元为止。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">主要溺毙原因</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>岩石湿滑、隐石滑动、间距大(导致被水冲走或卡住石缝的意外)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>水温层异大、水冰冷。(导致抽筋)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>漩涡暗流多。(导致被水冲走)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>河床落差大。(导致被水冲走)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>豪雨山洪暴发。(导致被水冲走)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>● </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>穿着牛仔裤下水。(吸水后笨重的牛仔裤往往是拖住泳客的致命伤)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>一般来说,较容易发生溺水处,应属郊外池塘、河堤、潭、湖等地方,表面上观察水性清镜亮丽,在大自然环境遮掩下,民众往往不知水底重重危机,例如洞穴、异物、漩涡,都是危险所在。</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">若发现有人溺水,除应立刻通知</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">119</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">与当地救难人员协助求援。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">可就地取材,树木、树藤、枝干、木块、矿泉瓶都可利用来救人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">可就地取材,树木、树藤、枝干、木块、矿泉瓶都可利用来救人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">可在岸边将浮圈丢给溺毙的人。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">注意:若您未受过专业救人的训练或未领有救生证的人,切记请不要轻易下水救人。谨记一点:会游泳并不代表您会救人。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>若您是专业救生员请参考下列文字说明,以确保个人安全及溺水者顺利平安被救:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">抢救溺水者需要入水,须先脱衣解裤,以免被溺水者缠往而无法脱身。游到溺水者面前约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">公尺,先吸大口气潜入水底从溺水者背后施救,才不致于被对方困住。须知当一个面临死亡的一瞬间,出劲的力量绝对惊人,万一被溺水者缠住,应速设法摆脱,不然准死无疑。</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘">摆脱法有两种:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>(一)握紧拳头狠狠重击溺水者后脑,使他昏迷,再拖上岸。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>(二)深吸一口气憋住,把对方压下水底,有如同归于尽,但溺水者这时为了吸气,必定踩您肩头上,您可趁此机会顶住他三至五秒,让其头部露出水面,顺畅换气及观察四周,配合岸上的同伴把木块、木头、保特瓶等漂浮物投入水中,只要溺水者抓住任何一物都能保命。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>其实,人体与水的比重相差不多,溺水者只要放松心情,获救的机会将会大幅提升。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> 在天然水域游泳,带上吹气救生圈,十元线买了个保险;<br>遇到有人发生意外,对方清醒时,给他救生圈;对方不清醒,将他固定在救生圈上拖上岸。 <STRONG><EM><FONT color=#1111ee size=6>又学到了一些有关游泳的知识.</FONT></EM></STRONG> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200749202041371.gif"><BR><BR></SPAN> <BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200749222339779.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><BR> 原文由 MLX 发表: <br><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>好教材,学习了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200749202041371.gif"><BR><BR></SPAN></P><P></P><P><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20074923240144.jpg"><BR><BR></P> !好贴呀!发安全方面的贴子太少了.<IMG src="http://www.china-ws.org/bbs/Htmleditor/whatchutalkingabout_smile.gif"> 好贴!好贴呀! 原文由 MLX 发表: <br><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><FONT size=3>好教材,学习了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘; mso-hansi-font-family: ‘Times New Roman‘"><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200749202041371.gif"><BR><BR></SPAN></P>
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