寒冬过后 发表于 2007-5-10 14:22

[分享]纸上谈兵:游泳比赛出发跳水的基本要领

<FONT face=华文行楷 size=3><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt"><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">  高度过高的出发跳水会导致入水过深,因此,游泳运动员到达水面的垂直距离会更长,滑过这段额外的距离也就更费时。出发跳水时的空中踢腿、屈髋以及其它动作都不会影响身体重心的运动路径。它们通常都会产生不好的入水效果。游泳运动员在空中时,身体重心的运动轨迹一经确定,就不会因为任何一种身体动作而有所改变。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp;   “</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">正确的出发跳水</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">技术要领如下:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在蹬离出发台之前,游泳运动员应该伸直身体(充分伸展)使身体重心尽量远离出发台。在空中,要尽可能多地强调身体的流线型,使身体形成像标枪一样的身体姿势。这将产生最长距离的俯冲。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">入水点与出发台的距离越远越好。这是出发跳水最重要的目标之一。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">入水点的水花越少越好(手臂要在水中钻一个洞,而身体的其它部分要穿过那个洞)。这将最大程度地减少前端阻力又会减少游泳运动员产生的波浪阻力。溅起的水花越大,说明出发跳水的效果就越差,那是因为能量被消耗在推动水上了,而不是推进游泳运动员穿过水。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">入水角度的大小应该使身体以最快的滑行速度完成最远的水平距离。当其他游泳运动员可能因为入水很深而不得不上升到水面时,此时,优秀的游泳运动员应该正以最佳状态向泳池的另一端游进。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在爬泳中,无论是哪一种出发跳水,入水后都要尽可能快速地打</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">3 - 6</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">次海豚腿。当打腿时,手臂、头部和躯干都应该保持平稳。开始打腿时,腿部要低于躯干。即使头部夹在上臂之间,脸也要朝下看以便头顶向前钻进。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">避免突然改变水下的运动轨迹。要沿着一条流畅平缓的运动路径上升到水面。当沿着这条运动曲线上升时,将有助于弯曲身体使身体与运动路径相吻合,而不是使身体保持一味的僵直状态。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">当出发跳水的滑行速度下降到游进速度时就应该浮出水面。大多数游泳运动员,特别是蛙泳运动员在水下的停留时间过长,除了蛙泳之外,手臂在呼吸之前就要开始划水了。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">动作优美的出发跳水带入水中的气泡会很少。带入水中的气泡越多,则说明这名游泳运动员在水中的阻碍力或者说是阻力就越大。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">一个敏捷利落的出发跳水能使游泳运动员快速滑行</SPAN></SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="米" SourceValue="15" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">15</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">米</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">就是最好的出发跳水。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><BR><SPAN class=tpccontent1>&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在出发台上脚如何放置最好呢?最近的研究表明,蹲距式出发技术要优于抓台式出发技术(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> juergens</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Rose</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Smith</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> Calder</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">1999</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">)。以往在这方面的研究一直没有明确的结论,其原因是人们认为游泳运动员们练习得最多的出发跳水就是最好的出发技术。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">( Gambrel</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Blanke</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Thigpen</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Mellion</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">1991</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">)当向新手或技术水平有待提高的游泳运动员讲授出发技术时,蹲距式出发技术是优于两腿并拢出发或者说是</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">"</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">抓台式</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">"</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">出发技术的首选。如果游泳运动员想改变抓台式出发技术,那就尽早向他们介绍蹲距式出发技术</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">而且要比平常练习得更多,使蹲距式出发技术成为占有优势的出发动作模式。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></FONT>

寒冬过后 发表于 2007-5-10 14:22

理论有了,就盼着能找段录像看了。

娃娃鱼 发表于 2007-5-10 18:32

去看看八戒的游泳资料网站.

泡~泡 发表于 2007-5-11 08:39

认真学看!!

寒冬过后 发表于 2007-5-12 17:59

<P>原文由 娃娃鱼 发表: 去看看八戒的游泳资料网站. </P><P>劳驾把网址也发上来,谢谢。</P>

泡~泡 发表于 2007-5-13 13:29

臂要在水中钻一个洞,而身体的其它部分要穿过那个洞!!~~好难!!真道是难者不会,会者不难!!

寒冬过后 发表于 2007-5-13 21:10

谁知道蹲距式出发跳水怎么做?

娃娃鱼 发表于 2007-5-14 10:43

http://www.xports.tv/subchannel.asp?id=24 <br><br>去看看这个网址,绝对得感谢我.

寒冬过后 发表于 2007-5-15 20:18

娃娃鱼啊,你真厉害,怎么找到的这些网站,绝对感谢。

娃娃鱼 发表于 2007-5-16 13:32

哈哈!我就说嘛!
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