寒江泳者 发表于 2007-9-16 17:22

[原创]蝶泳历史与技术(译文)

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; BACKGROUND: lime; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬泳译苑</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; BACKGROUND: lime; COLOR: red; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳历史与技术</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">(</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">译文</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">短距离的飞跃</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是以胸部为主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">辅以双臂的同时划水并配合独立发展的踢水动作而形成的一种泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">有时也被称作海豚踢水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对于其它的泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">如腑泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">爬泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">或仰泳即便对于初学者来说也能够很快的容易掌握和学习</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">但对于蝶泳要想完全的游好就需要有非常好的技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">大多数的学生认为这是一个最难掌握和学习的泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">也是游泳比赛中最新的泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">首次竞赛大约在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1934</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年前后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳速度仅次于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>FINA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">承认的爬泳的速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">最好的运动员的速度可达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.98 m/s,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">接近于爬泳的速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.17m/s,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">比仰泳的速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1.84m/s)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">和腑泳的速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1.67m/s)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">要快</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳的峰值速度甚至要比爬泳的速度要快</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">这主要是由于双臂所做的同步划水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">压水增加了速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">然而在回复的过程中速度明显的下降</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">总之蝶泳的速度略比爬泳的速度要慢些</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对于腑泳仰泳和爬泳来说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">即使泳者在技术上存在某些缺陷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">也可非常容易的游出动作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">然而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对于蝶泳而言其是一种不允许在姿势存在任何错误的泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">光用蛮力是难于克服蝶泳所存在的技术问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对于大多数的人来说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳是一个非常难掌握的泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">然而如果技术正确其所需的能量在竞赛时要比腑泳少一些</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对于初学者来说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">最困难的是水面上的回复过程的同步性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">此时双臂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">头和肩的某些部位要不得不从水中浮出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">而且这一过程还要达到相伴的呼吸目的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">历史</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳是从腑泳演化和变革而来的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>. Iowa</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">大学的游泳教练</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>David Armbruster</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">经过对腑泳的研究</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">发现在水中的手臂的回复动作存在阻力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1934</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年他提炼出一种划水的动作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">使手臂在水面向前做划水动作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">他把这种划水的动作叫蝴蝶姿式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">尽管此种划水的动作是困难的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">但其对速度有很大的提高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一年后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">同一大学的游泳运动员</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Jack Sieg </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">运用了一种踢水的动作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">包括侧身和两腿同时踢水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">相似于鱼的的尾巴所做的动作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">继而又对该技术改进</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">使面部向下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">他把这种泳姿叫海豚踢水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.Armbruster </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Sige</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">很快发现如果采用蝴蝶式划水和海豚式踢水结合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">更确切的说就是一次划水两次踢水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">将会产生一种非常快的泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">现今</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">这种泳姿作为参考被称为蝶泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">但有时仍然称其为海豚泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">特别是作为海豚踢水的参考</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">这种新的泳姿被认为速度要比腑泳的速度快</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>. Sieg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">游</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">码需要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1:00.2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的时间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">但海豚的踢水的动作违犯了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>FINA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">所以不允许使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1963</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年在柏林的夏季奥林匹克腑泳的比赛中只有很少的人使用这种技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">然而到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1938</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年几乎每一个参加腑泳竞赛的选手都采用这种泳姿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">尽管它是腑泳的变种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">直到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1952</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>FINA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">才承认其作为一种独立的泳姿并制定整套的规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的夏季奥林匹克才首次把蝶泳作为独立的泳姿列为比赛项目</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">米</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">女子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>),200</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">米</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">男子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>).</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>称为海豚踢水的蝶泳恣是由双臂同步划水和双腿同步踢水组成的。有效的游好这种泳恣,掌握技术是至关重要的。由于为了能达到同步的水面恢复和呼吸,身体向波浪型的运动也是非常重要的。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>开始的动作是:平胸,双手伸向前方,双腿身后伸直。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">腿部的运动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>除两条腿同时进行动作外,其余动作和俯泳相似。当肩膀露出水面,通过双腿向下打水形成向上的力量;当肩膀返回到水面,通过双腿向上打水形成向下的力量。从而形成了身体的流线形运动。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>双腿要并齐防止水压的损失。腿要自然的向下指向,向下打水要有爆发力,腿向上移,头要向下低。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>在蝶泳比赛中并没有明确的限定参赛者的脉动频率,泳者可根据自己的习惯打水多一些或少一些。但在比赛中允许这样的选择,典型的方法是双手划水一次腿打水两次。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">作为源于俯泳泳姿的变种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳,将允许一些泳者采用俯泳的姿式或用腿鞭打式击水。自从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1953</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年俯泳从蝶泳中被分离出来后,在蝶泳中采用俯泳的打水的方式在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年以前一直没有受到官方的限定。然而在一些大师赛中由于这种改变而造成了混乱,这主要是由于在一定的时间内在蝶泳的泳姿中一直采用俯泳的踢水的动作,因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>FINA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">因此而同意在大师赛中使用俯泳踢水动作。你可以进行自由的选择,大多数的人选择海豚的打水的动作,但仍有少数的泳者喜欢在非竞技性游泳时采用俯泳的动作,甚至在竞赛在使用这种动作。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">手臂的动作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">蝶泳手臂的动作主要有三个动作,即抱水、压水和恢复动作。在开始的时候,手的开始动作十分相似于俯泳。手臂入水时,手掌朝外并于肩膀的宽度相同,然后手向外运动形成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Y</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">型。这一过程被称为抓水。抓水的动作随后形成一个半园,此时的手腕要比手高一些,并且手指向身体的中心和向下。半园结束于下颏,两手相靠并使身体和手掌成直角。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">压水的动作开始的时候,手掌是在身下向后侧压水,继而完成于身体的两侧。泳者的压水动作的距离只有达到手臂的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的路径达到臀部时,才能很容易进入下一个恢复的动作,从而使恢复和呼吸动作得以完成。在运动的过程中通过划水和压水的的姿势,从而使在压水动作结束后手臂达到最大的速度。这一过程称为释放,并且对于恢复动作是十分重要的,其可以达到一定速度后帮助恢复动作的完成。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>恢复动作是使两臂划过水面进入前方,此时肘要比手臂略高些。此时两臂要尽量地向前,从而使双臂进入前面水中。不要使手臂进入水太早,因为这会使你在游进的过程中受到额外的阻力。象腑泳的高肘恢复动作,尽管能节省能量,但肩部的阻力使得其难以实现,再加之双臂是同步运动的,不可能实现侧肩动作。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>双臂进入时,姆指首先入水,宽度和肩膀相同,太宽对于下一个划水的动作要消耗速度,太窄,要损失能量。经短暂的休整后进入下一个划水动作的循环。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>总的来说,手臂在水中的动作是形成一个扁形的“锁眼”图案。最近,一种直臂的划水动作也在竞赛中受到推崇。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">呼吸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">在蝶泳中换气是非常短暂的。如果失去换气的机会,对泳者来说是很困难的。最佳的方式是要和波浪形的身体运动同步进行呼吸,从而简化换气的过程,当然这样做需要对蝶泳的技术很好的掌握。换气过程始于水下划水过程中压水的动作。因为当手和小臂在胸前运动时,身体将会自然的向水面上升。只需很少的努力泳者就可抬头露出水面。呼吸是通过口进行的。有经验的泳者在换气完成后,通过不断的观察泳池底部的位置而保持身体的平衡和方向。当手臂抽出水面身体向前游进后,头部再次进入水面。如果头部在水面停留的时间过长,恢复的动作就要受到影响。泳者通过鼻和口进行呼吸和换气。一些泳者,向著名的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Denis Pankratov </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">采用侧面换气是为数不多的,通常教练也不提倡采用这种换气的方式。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通常,每次划水可进行换气,这只是在长距离时采用。在很多的时候,每划水一次进行一次呼吸减缓了泳者的下潜(在一定的条件下每次划水是否进行呼吸和你的速度相关,因此非常有经验的竞争者象</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Michael Phelps</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">就是每次划水进行一次呼吸)。对于一些杰出的泳者采用间隔划水换气,其中包括“两次上升,一次下潜”,在这种换气的过程中,划水两次进行一次呼吸,这对于肺是适合的。对于肺呼吸量好的人,可在第三次划水跃出水面或完成划水后进行呼吸,有的选手甚至可以在比赛的全程不进行换气(当然这将是短距离的比赛)。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">身体的运动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>游蝶泳时如果手臂和双腿不配合将会是很困难的,正确的身体运动会最大的发挥两臂和双腿的潜能。身体是由双臂的运动的控制进行波浪式的运动。双手进入水中,臀部向上且划过水面。在压水动作时头部向上,臀部处在最低的位置。只有这样的姿势才能在一次手臂划水的过程中,使二次的踢水比第一次踢水要更强些,保证身体流线型运动。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">原文略</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">请原谅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>

启明 发表于 2007-9-18 05:36

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