畅游 发表于 2007-11-9 20:16

华北部分城市冬泳人群的主要特征调查分析

<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT color=#000000>华北部分城市冬泳人群的主要特征调查分析<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P></SPAN></B><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">问题的提出<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.55pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">游泳是一项很好的健身运动,但是因受季节和地域的影响,人们只有在夏季才进行游泳锻炼,时间很有限。能克服户外水冷进行冬泳锻炼者,则能全年参加游泳健身活动,在水中体验四季变化,对身体大有裨益。近年来我国华北部分城市不少游泳爱好者积极参加户外冬泳锻炼。据报道,参加冬泳可以防病治病,祛脂减肥,健美体形,明显改善身体健康状况,使人精力充沛。地处中部的华北平原的冬泳爱好者们具体呈现出何等分布特征,他们对冬泳的认识、态度等,这些是普及全民健身运动的最好的素材,急亟深入调查研究。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">研究对象与研究方法<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.55pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">研究对象为太原、北京、天津、青岛<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>城市<SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>名坚持户外冬泳健身者。研究方法上首先采用文献资料法查阅国内外户外冬泳的人口特征与冬泳功效的科研资料,在此基础上采用问卷调查法,对<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>城市<SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>名冬泳爱好者进行有关冬泳认识的调查分析。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">结果分析<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3.1</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 华北部分城市冬泳人群参与动机调查<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">通过调查,华北部分城市冬泳人群参与动机总体上可归结为<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>类,即健身防病、愉悦身心和冒险及挑战自我。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN>以健身防病目的为主的人群</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff0066; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在所调查的<SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>名坚持冬泳练习的人中,有<SPAN lang=EN-US>86</SPAN>的人将强身治病放在首位,占被调查总数的<SPAN lang=EN-US>43</SPAN>%。看来在需要极大的毅力与勇气的冬泳运动中,很多人看重是冬泳的独到的健身价值,由此决定参与其中,经受严厉的自然环境考验而在所不惜。防病治病方面,部分在参加冬泳前有病的同志,通过冬泳锻炼,健康状况进一步稳定,预防了旧病的复发。特别是部分患有神经衰弱、气管炎、关节炎的同志通过冬泳都收到了奇特的疗效。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN>愉悦身心冬泳者调查 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在所调查的<SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>人中,增强体质、愉悦身心被放在第二位。此类冬泳爱好者参与冬泳的主要目的为增强体质、愉悦身心,提高生活质量,他<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>她<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>们参与这项极不轻松运动项目的目的中,个人功利成份不高,且心理需求超过生理需求。此类动机冬泳者普遍反映,冬泳使得他们的生活质量有了很大提高。如从饮食、睡眠上看,冬泳后吃饭香,睡觉甜。因为冬泳锻炼冷刺激强,能量消耗大,促使消化、循环、神经系统加速代谢,机体产生疲劳,需用饮食和睡眠做好充分的补充。也有人认为冬泳使得他<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>她<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>们显得更年轻,更健美。从祛脂减肥、健美体形上看,通过一般目测,参加冬泳锻炼的人外观年龄较同生理年龄者显得年轻得多。特别是<SPAN lang=EN-US>4O</SPAN>岁以上的冬泳者普遍没有过度发福。从体形上看就和年轻人一样,肌肉发达,身体结实。这是因为水温低,冬泳者体力消耗大,能量消耗多,容易保持形体匀称。冷刺激使冬泳者皮脂变厚,皮肤皱纹变少,所以显得年轻。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN>冒险、挑战自我为主要动机冬泳者调查 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冒险、挑战自我是另一部分人参与冬泳的另一主要原因,此类动机者有<SPAN lang=EN-US>58</SPAN>人,占总被调查人数的<SPAN lang=EN-US>29</SPAN>%。这类人群一般富有冒险精神,乐意做常人难以为之事。他们普遍认为,冬泳对参与者的意志是一个重大挑战,在此挑战面前,常人一般选择观望、退缩,而他们则反其道行之,接受挑战,并非常乐意在挑战个人极限中获得超越常人、超越自我的心理满足。这部分人虽然只占冬泳参与者的一小部分,但其勇气可嘉,是较坚定的体育人群。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN>参与冬泳者的年龄结构特征调查分析<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从华北部分城市参与冬泳者的年龄结构上看,<SPAN lang=EN-US>5O</SPAN>岁以上者在被调查者中有<SPAN lang=EN-US>67</SPAN>人,占<SPAN lang=EN-US>33.5</SPAN>%;<SPAN lang=EN-US>35</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>49</SPAN>岁者<SPAN lang=EN-US>97</SPAN>人,占<SPAN lang=EN-US>48.5</SPAN>%;<SPAN lang=EN-US>2O</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>34</SPAN>岁<SPAN lang=EN-US>27</SPAN>人占<SPAN lang=EN-US>1 3.5</SPAN>%,<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>岁以下者<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>人,占<SPAN lang=EN-US>3.5</SPAN>%。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN>中年人为参与冬泳者的中坚力量</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>35</SPAN>岁以上冬泳参与者合计达到<SPAN lang=EN-US>165</SPAN>人,占被调查总数的<SPAN lang=EN-US>82.5</SPAN>%,从中不难看出,中年人及老年人是冬泳参与者的中坚力量。原因分析为:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">占冬泳者的<SPAN lang=EN-US>48.5</SPAN>%的中年人,其身体正处在机体逐渐衰退阶段,容易引起许多疾病,因此,该年龄段人群的自我保健意识较强。而且,该年龄人群的身体状态仍处于较高水平,具备参加冬泳的基本身体条件。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">此外,该年龄阶段的人群对生活的质量有较高要求,余暇时间较多,因而参加冬泳是该年龄阶段的可能选择,并渴望从户外冬泳中获得治病强身的效果。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN>老年人是冬泳者中持久恒定力量 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">占冬泳者的<SPAN lang=EN-US>33.5</SPAN>%的老年人,其身体正处在机体明显衰退期,疾病较多,因此,该年龄段人群的自我保健意识极强。且余暇时间充裕,家庭负担少,参加冬泳是他们用以健身的重要手段,其参与冬泳运动的功利成份较多,希望从冬泳中获得防病、治病,延年益寿的效果。且他们之中多为常年坚持参加冬泳者。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN>青少年冬泳者是其中最活跃成份 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">35</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">岁以下年轻人及少儿参与冬泳的人数有限,仅<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>人,原因为:青年人一般认为自己的健康状况较好,无须为此而付出如此巨大辛苦;且个人的健身手段很多,不一定非选择冬泳来健身;此外,年轻人觉得冬泳太麻烦,准备工作烦琐。该年龄段的参与者多为富有冒险意识,乐意尝试挑战自我者,少儿的情况与此基本雷同。他们是冬泳人群中较活跃的因素,但其持久性、恒常性皆弱于前两者。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>3 </SPAN>华北部分城市冬泳人群的相关职业背景分析<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从调查结果看,冬泳者的职业较杂,其中有机关干部、教师、工程师、军人、工人、私营商业业主等。其中脑力劳动者在冬泳人群中所占比例较大,为<SPAN lang=EN-US>72</SPAN>%,非脑力劳动者为<SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN>%。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>1 </SPAN>知识分子更容易接受冬泳 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">调查显示,户外冬泳更容易为知识分子所接受。原因为:参与冬泳的知识分子往往对冬泳的价值、意义有较高的理性认识,参加冬泳的目的明确,对与冬泳相关的理论知识较为看重。知识分子对提高生活质量,特别是提高非物质生活质量也明显看重,其程度超过一般常人,冬泳的愉悦身心作用被他们普遍认同。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #006600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">.<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>.<SPAN lang=EN-US>2 </SPAN>体力劳动者参与冬泳有限 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">体力劳动者对于参加冬泳的原因一般表述为个人习惯,常年如此,应该坚持下去。或是参加冬泳可以给身体带来诸多较直接、较明显的健身效应,比生病后打针吃药合算得多,对于相关的理论知识也懂得许多,但整体弱于知识分子的冬泳者。大多数人出于个人冬泳后良好的感觉与健康效应。如参加后各种反应良好,记忆力提高,有利于做好日常工作,提高生活适应能力。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4 </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">结论<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 6.9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: .49" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">研究表明,通过户外冬泳锻炼,可以提高心血管系统和呼吸系统的功能;改善体温调节机制,提高体温调节能力;增强机体免疫力,提高防病抗病能力;健美体形,延缓衰老,使人延年益寿。心理健康,既提</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">高了工作效率,又促进了身体健康,并获得愉快的心境。最后,提醒冬泳者冬泳必须讲究科学性。</SPAN></B></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=3><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT color=#000000>(《南京体育学院学报》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>l4</SPAN>卷第<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>期 文 陈安平)</FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><br><br>[此帖子已被 畅游 在 2007-11-10 14:22:57 编辑过]

快乐老头 发表于 2007-11-9 20:27

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; New Times 0pt? mso-font-kerning: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“研究表明,通过户外冬泳锻炼,可以提高心血管系统和呼吸系统的功能;改善体温调节机制,提高体温调节能力;增强机体免疫力,提高防病抗病能力;健美体形,延缓衰老,使人延年益寿。心理健康,既提</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; New Times 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AR-SA? mso-bidi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language:>高了工作效率,又促进了身体健康,并获得愉快的心境。最后,提醒冬泳者冬泳必须讲究科学性。”</SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; New Times 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AR-SA? mso-bidi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language:><FONT size=7>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 科学调研!好!</FONT></SPAN></B></P>

牧羊犬 发表于 2007-11-9 21:11

<P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>好一个细致,复杂而平凡的调查,了不得.</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>冬泳人其实很简单,参加冬泳就是为了健身,结交朋友,没有利益冲突,一个字~~~玩!</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>且中老年人较多,年轻时的梦想因多种原因没实现,现在来实现而以.</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>冬泳,使人快活,生活变得更消洒自如!</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>哈!哈!哈!</FONT></P><IMG src="http://www.china-ws.org/BBS/Htmleditor/wink_smile.gif">

海风 发表于 2007-11-10 14:16

哈哈,畅游你太棒啦!

海底森林 发表于 2007-11-11 16:21

原文由 牧羊犬 发表: <br><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>好一个细致,复杂而平凡的调查,了不得.</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>冬泳人其实很简单,参加冬泳就是为了健身,结交朋友,没有利益冲突,一个字~~~玩!</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>且中老年人较多,年轻时的梦想因多种原因没实现,现在来实现而以.</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>冬泳,使人快活,生活变得更消洒自如!</FONT></P><P><FONT color=#3300ff size=6>哈!哈!哈!</FONT></P><IMG src="http://www.china-ws.org/BBS/Htmleditor/wink_smile.gif">

KTW 发表于 2012-6-5 13:49

参加冬泳可以防病治病,祛脂减肥,健美体形,明显改善身体健康状况,使人精力充沛。
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查看完整版本: 华北部分城市冬泳人群的主要特征调查分析