畅游 发表于 2008-1-5 21:05

冬泳也是双刃剑

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳也是双刃剑</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">一、冬泳的科学性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳运动是运动医学中一门新兴学科。冬泳不单是运动,还具有冷刺激独到的健身医疗效果,这点已被世人所注目。国内外有许多研究者和冬泳爱好者都发表了很多有关冬泳学方面的论述。大量事实证明,冬泳能增强体质、提高机体抵抗力和免疫力。冬泳是集防病、治病、健身、抗衰为一体的最佳项目。凡冬泳者共同体会是吃得香、睡眠好、精力充沛、身体素质高、不易患感冒、有些慢性病自然消失。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳改善有利于提高免疫力</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">关于冬泳对人体的作用机制,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">应激</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">论是目前被大多数公认的一种说法。应激是人体对内外环境的各种刺激</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">动因</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">做出相应的一些反应的全过程。适度的应激量可激发体内产生良性效应</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">产生适应力、抵抗力、免疫力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,这就是应激的积极的一面,相反则损害机体健康乃致病。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">惯于冬泳者对寒冷已具有适应能力,单核细胞的受体已产生了惰性,应激反应中肾上腺分泌的大量皮质酮不仅不会受到抑制,反而会促进单核细胞释放更多的细胞因子。细胞因子可激发机体的免疫功能,这是冬泳健身的重要机理之一。经常的冷水刺激可以激发人的大脑、身体器官和神经、内分泌、呼吸等系统,使全身受到极大的振奋和调整,促进人体新陈代谢,焕发生机,提高免疫功能、抵抗力和自我修复能力。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳调整大脑的兴奋与抑制的平衡,有助于抗衰老</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳的冷应激还可以调整大脑(中枢神经系统)的兴奋和抑制的平衡,有利于植物神经系统的功能改善。一些患有植物神经功能紊乱的患者,通过冬泳而痊愈者不少。自由基是人体代谢过程所产生的一种让人衰老的物质,而体内的过氧化岐化酶是清除人体内自由基的克星。冬泳者血中的过氧化岐化酶含量一般高于普通人。因此,长期坚持冬泳耐寒锻炼对防病、抗衰和延年益寿意义深远。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">血管体操</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,有助于预防心脑血管病</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳的冷应激可使人体血管先收缩后扩张,这一张一弛的血管运动保持了血管的弹性,被称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">血管体操</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,起到了防止和延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展的作用。研究证明,冬泳者血中高密度脂蛋白都有不同程度升高,而低密度脂蛋白则有所降低,从而则遏制了动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。坚持冬泳者在改善微循环状态与青壮年相似,冬泳对预防并缓解中老年人高粘血症效果明显,有助于预防高血压和冠心病等心脑血管病具有重大价值。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳有助于慢性病康复</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">进行冬泳锻炼还会减轻风湿病患者的疼痛,并能增强人们承受其他病痛的能力。芬兰坦佩雷大学的马尔库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">奥亚<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName ProductID="宁" w:st="on">宁</st1:PersonName>教授对数百名冬泳者进行跟踪调查的结果也表明,许多患有慢性病的冬泳爱好者,特别是中老年冬泳者,坚持冬泳后,其身体健康状况明显好转,在体力和心理上很少有不良征状。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳与性功能</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">应用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">MUNSH</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">)、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">SCL-90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">症状自评量表调查,检测常年坚持冬泳的男性爱好者发现,冬泳组的血清睾酮、雌二醇和血清睾酮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">雌二醇比值都显著高于对照组(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">P&lt;0.01</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">),性功能(性欲、勃起功能、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">*****</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">频率、每次</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">*****</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">持续时间和性高潮)都显著高于对照组(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">P&lt;0.05</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">),幸福度总分和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">SCL-90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">结果优于对照组</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">(P&lt;0.01,P&lt;0.05)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。由此可见。冬泳对男性性激素和神经内分泌的功能有明显的促进和调节作用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳能够激发、维持和提高男性性功能和心理健康。冬游对女性的帮助也很多,不同的游泳姿势所运动到的肌肉不同,对身体带来的影响也就不同,其中以蛙式可增加盆腔的血流灌注。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">二、冬泳不是医疗手段</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳必须严格遵循科学,尤其应防三大误区。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳并不能包治百病</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳从本质上讲是一项体育运动并不是医疗手段。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">一些人希望通过冬泳的方法治疗疾病,必须慎重行事。冬泳可以强身健体、提高肌体免疫能力,能促进一些功能性疾病逐渐缓解、转好。虽然经常可以看到某人因为坚持冬泳治好了疾病的报道,但是,我国在这方面的研究还很有限,个别的例子和经验并不具有普遍性。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳不是人人都适合</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">有较严重疾病的人,如药物不能控制的高血压病人、先天性心脏病人、风湿性心瓣膜病人、癫痫病人等,都不宜参加冬泳。即便是体质好的人要进行冬泳,也应有一个循序渐进的过程,最好从夏秋季开始,使身体逐步适应。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳并不是时间越长越能锻炼身体</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">不同的人冬泳的时间应因气温、水温和人的体质而异。有两种现象值得注意,一是在水里游的时间过长,上岸后全身麻木、冷颤不止,这极容易损伤某些器官。另一种现象是在水里的时间太短,刚下水就上岸,没有经受充分的刺激,达不到锻炼的效果。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">三、冬泳的训练时间与饮食</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.训练时间</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">冬泳在自我保健医学中前景广阔,值得提倡推广。如果受到地理条件或时间限制,也可以试行冷水浴模拟冬泳耐寒健身锻炼,也会取得相似效果。要遵循科学冬泳健身的方法原则,由夏季起步,循序渐进、逐渐增量、持之以恒、量力而行。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">究竟在冷水中游多长时间效果最好,根据大多数人的经验,可以按照</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="1" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的水中游</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">分钟,</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的水中游</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">分钟,</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">游</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">分钟来计算。如果水温在</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="20" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">时,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">20-30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">分钟比较适宜。经过特殊训练者在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">17<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="20" HasSpace="False" Negative="True" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">-20<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">可以游</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">个小时。但是起水后要迅速做保温处理。体温在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">36.2<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="37" HasSpace="False" Negative="True" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">-37<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN lang=EN-US>℃</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的范围波动,长期冷水中游泳体内能量(葡萄糖和脂肪)消耗较快。同时,长时间置于冷水中,体温和水温逐渐接近,当体温低于</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="32" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">32</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">时体内的各种代谢反而减慢,会出现头晕、心率快、四肢活动障碍等问题,甚至呼吸肌僵硬,发生意外。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">.冬泳的饮食</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">在冬泳长游过程,由于体内的主要供量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">葡萄糖消耗快,要及时补充高糖食物,例如,巧克力、能量棒、压缩饼干等。一般减少脂肪食入。脂肪在体内是通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">β</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">氧化过程,然后再进入三羧酸循环,需要大量的水分和时间。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">总而言之,冬泳也是双刃剑,有好的一面,也有不好的一面。我们在进行这项运动时同样要量力而行,安全最为重要!<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">―――</SPAN><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(</SPAN></STRONG><st1:PersonName ProductID="贾" w:st="on"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">贾</SPAN></B></st1:PersonName><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">博士<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>文)</SPAN></B></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P>&nbsp;</P><br><br>[此帖子已被 畅游 在 2008-1-5 21:07:06 编辑过]

汉鸭子 发表于 2008-1-6 17:36

<FONT size=7>冬泳一定要科学,量力而行。</FONT>

海飞 发表于 2008-1-5 21:16

<FONT size=5>原文由 兔宝宝 发表: 冬泳必须严格遵循科学。 </FONT>

逸人 发表于 2008-1-5 21:23

<FONT size=7>事情都是一分为二的!没有绝对的,只有相对的!</FONT>

兔宝宝 发表于 2008-1-5 21:11

冬泳必须严格遵循科学。

白湖桥 发表于 2008-1-7 20:17

冬泳是双刃剑

泳往直前 发表于 2008-1-8 20:04

原文由 汉鸭子 发表: <FONT size=7>冬泳一定要科学,量力而行。</FONT>

海鲤鱼 发表于 2008-1-22 15:30

原文由 兔宝宝 发表: <FONT size=6>冬泳必须严格遵循科学。 </FONT>

今尹 发表于 2008-1-24 10:54

<br>冬泳一定要科学,量力而行。<br>
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