朝圣基督教创始人耶稣-----板峙山之行
<P><FONT face=隶书 color=#ff0000 size=6>两次上板峙山对基督教有初步了解,特把基督教概况上传以飨大家。</FONT></P><P><TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 7.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" noWrap><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=right><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P><DIV align=center><TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 6pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="100%"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="100%"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-alt: 16.5pt" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">开放分类:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/w?ct=17&lm=0&tn=baiduWikiSearch&pn=0&rn=10&submit=search&word=tag:%D7%DA%BD%CC&tagfromview" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><SPAN lang=EN-US>宗教</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/w?ct=17&lm=0&tn=baiduWikiSearch&pn=0&rn=10&submit=search&word=tag:%D0%C5%D1%F6&tagfromview" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><SPAN lang=EN-US>信仰</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/w?ct=17&lm=0&tn=baiduWikiSearch&pn=0&rn=10&submit=search&word=tag:%BB%F9%B6%BD%BD%CC&tagfromview" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><SPAN lang=EN-US>基督教</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/w?ct=17&lm=0&tn=baiduWikiSearch&pn=0&rn=10&submit=search&word=tag:%C0%FA%CA%B7&tagfromview" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><SPAN lang=EN-US>历史</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/w?ct=17&lm=0&tn=baiduWikiSearch&pn=0&rn=10&submit=search&word=tag:%C9%F1%D1%A7&tagfromview" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><SPAN lang=EN-US>神学</SPAN></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P><TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><A 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WIDTH: 99pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 150pt; mso-wrap-distance-left: 3.75pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 3.75pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 3.75pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 3.75pt; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: line" o:button="t" o:allowoverlap="f" target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/pic/1/11915636146641846.jpg" alt="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="11915636146641846_small" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></v:imagedata><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:shape><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes"><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/pic/1/11915636146641846.jpg" target=_blank></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">目录<SPAN lang=EN-US> • <A name=STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#1#1"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">1. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>起源</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#2#2"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">耶稣的生平和传说</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#3#3"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">2. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">发展</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#4#4"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">3. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在中国的历史</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#5#5"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">4. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教教义</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#6#6"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">5. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教主要节日</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#7#7"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">6.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">教堂和遗迹</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#8#8"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">7.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《圣经》</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#9#9"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">8.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的大事记:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#10#10"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">9.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教教义的形成</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#11#11"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">10.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的教义<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>补充<SPAN lang=EN-US>4)</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#12#12"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">11. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教组织形式</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#13#13"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">12. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教礼仪</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#14#14"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">13.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教在世界的传播</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#15#15"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">14.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的历史</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="DISPLAY: none; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#16#16"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">16</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说的新解</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><DIV style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1pt solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; mso-element: para-border-div; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt"><UL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm" type=disc><LI class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#9"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">8.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的大事记:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></LI></UL></DIV><DIV style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1pt solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; mso-element: para-border-div; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt"><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#10"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">9.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教教义的形成</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#11"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">10.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的教义<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>补充<SPAN lang=EN-US>4)</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#12"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">11. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教组织形式</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#13"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">12. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教礼仪</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#14"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">13.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教在世界的传播</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#15"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">14.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的历史</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">• </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm#16"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">16</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说的新解</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG"></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Christianism <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教是以信仰耶稣<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/58869.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>基督</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>为<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/441345.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>救主</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9438.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>宗教</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6994.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>天主教</SPAN></SPAN></A>(Roman Catholicism)</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/65051.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>新教</SPAN></SPAN></A>(Protestant churchs)</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1506.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>东正教</SPAN></SPAN></A>(Easten Orthodoxy)</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1444892.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>基督教马龙派</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>等等统称基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>——<A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/48682.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>中文</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>中<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>往往特指新教(又俗称<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>耶稣教<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>),三大教派(天主教、东正教和新教)和基督教马龙派的统称一般用<SPAN lang=EN-US>“<A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/155023.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>基督宗教</SPAN></SPAN></A>”</SPAN>这个词。但在本词条中,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>指<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基督宗教<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,即总称,而不是新教。目前基督教在全世界有约<SPAN lang=EN-US>21.4</SPAN>亿信徒,为拥有信徒最多的宗教,以<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2918.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>亚洲</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6546.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>非洲</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的信徒的发展最快。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">〖一些人崇拜耶稣像 十字架等拜偶像的做法 例如右边的图片〗<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN>《罗马书》<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN>:<SPAN lang=EN-US>20 </SPAN>自从造天地以来,神的永能和神性是明明可知的,虽是眼不能见,但藉着所造之物,就可以晓得,叫人无可推诿。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>《罗马书》<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN>:<SPAN lang=EN-US>21 </SPAN>因为他们虽然知道神,却不当作神荣耀他,也不感谢他。他们的思念变为虚妄,无知的心就昏暗了。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>《罗马书》<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN>:<SPAN lang=EN-US>22 </SPAN>自称为聪明,反成了愚拙,<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>《罗马书》<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN>:<SPAN lang=EN-US>23 </SPAN>将不能朽坏之神的荣耀变为偶像,彷佛必朽坏的人,和飞禽走兽昆虫的样式。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>《罗马书》<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1</SPAN>:<SPAN lang=EN-US>24 </SPAN>所以神任凭他们,逞着心里的情欲行污秽的事,以致彼此玷辱自己的身体。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><B><o:p></o:p></B></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><A name=1></A><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">1. </SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">起源<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教发源于公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7387.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>巴勒斯坦</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>地区<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7542.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>犹太人</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>社会,并继承了<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/193.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>犹太教</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/37048.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>耶和华</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>上帝和救主<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/50775.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>弥塞亚</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>(根据希腊文翻译为<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基督<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>)等概念,以及希伯莱圣经为基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1461.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>圣经</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/167862.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>旧约全书</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN>按照基督教经典的说法,基督教的创始人是<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1460.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>耶稣</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>,他<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>岁左右(公元一世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>年代)开始在巴勒斯坦地区传教。 耶稣声称,他的来临不是要取代犹太人过去记载在<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/187126.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>旧约圣经</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/475953.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>律法</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>,而是要成全它。耶稣思想的中心,在于<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>尽心尽意尽力爱<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3238.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>上帝</SPAN></SPAN></A>”</SPAN>及<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>爱人如己<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>两点。 耶稣出来传道,宣讲<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/124396.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>天国</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/99813.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>福音</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>,劝人悔改,转离恶行。他的教训和所行的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/44977.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>神迹</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>,在民众中得到极大的回应。这使得罗马帝政下的犹太教的祭司团大受影响,深深感到自己地位不保,所以要把他除之而后快。后来由于门徒<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/18746.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>犹大</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>告密,<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/17498.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>罗马帝国</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>驻犹太的总督彼拉多将耶稣逮捕。耶稣受尽打骂侮辱,最后被钉在<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9577.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>十字架</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>上而死。但耶稣的心意却是为了要赎世人的罪,甘愿地流出自己的血。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR> </SPAN>依据他门徒们的见证,耶稣死后第三天从石窟坟墓中<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/53219.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>复活</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>了。他的坟墓空了,他又多次向满心疑惑的门徒们显现。他们渐渐确信耶稣真的复活了,是胜过死亡的救主。在耶稣升天超离这世界的时空后,他的门徒们起来热心宣扬耶稣的教训,并且宣告他是复活得胜死亡的主。信徒们组成彼此相爱、奉基督之名敬拜上帝的团体,就是<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1161814.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>基督教会</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>。 耶稣复活的这一天成为后世的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1462.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>复活节</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>(每年春分以后、又逢月圆的第一个星期日)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/30379.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>教会</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>又定了<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2008" Month="12" Day="25" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>为耶稣的生日而则成了<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2547.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>圣诞节</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>(耶稣出生的确实日子已不可考)。耶稣出生的那一年被后世定为公元纪年的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/991655.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>元年</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>(但因计算错误,耶稣实际出生的年份应为公元前六年或四年)。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN> 部分非基督宗教教徒的史学家认为,耶稣传达的教义更加接近犹太教,而保禄(又译<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/210407.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0000cc"><SPAN lang=EN-US>保罗</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>Paul</SPAN>)对基督教教义做了较大贡献,使得基督教不再局限于犹太人范围。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN>在蛮族之间传播基督教,具有开化功能并能确保罗马法的精髓和拉丁语于法国、意大利和西班牙地区流行。只有英国视罗马基督教为异教信仰。在克洛维的统治之下,法兰克人成为基督教徒,尔后并渡过莱茵河把基督教基督教传播给日耳曼人。拜占庭人则在保加利亚人和斯拉夫人之间传播东正教。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在公元第五世纪初期,圣巴特瑞克把基督教带到爱尔兰,然后传播到苏格兰,再从北方返回英格兰。在第六世纪后期,教皇格列哥里<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>伟大者<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>派传教士由南部进入英格兰。在同一个世纪,英格兰人再一次皈依基督教。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><A name=STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN></A><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A></SPAN><A name=2></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B>耶稣的生平和传说<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">研究基督教起源的人,总是遇到这样一个问题<SPAN lang=EN-US>: </SPAN>历史上的耶稣是否实有其人<SPAN lang=EN-US>? </SPAN>否认耶稣实有其人的学者大约持有下列几种观点<SPAN lang=EN-US>: (1)</SPAN>认为耶稣只是基督教神话中的偶像;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN>耶稣是错误传说中的人物;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(3)</SPAN>基督教中的耶稣实际上是历史上同名者的捏合杂揉;<SPAN lang=EN-US> (4)</SPAN>在同时代的历史著作和考古发掘中找不到充分的根据;另外,教会中同样有一部分人否认耶稣有血肉之躯,他们认为耶稣基督是神,作为历史上有血有肉的人的耶稣只是一种<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>幻影<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>,或者说是人的幻像。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR> </SPAN>主张耶稣实有其人的既有护教人士,也有非基督徒的学者, 各种看法之间往往大相径庭,大致可分为如下几种<SPAN lang=EN-US>:(1)</SPAN>全盘接受圣经的记载, 维护教会传统,认为耶稣就是道成肉体的基督;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN>耶稣是当时犹太人<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>叛乱的首领<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(3)</SPAN>耶稣是一场革命运动的领导人;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(4)</SPAN>耶稣是个大骗子;<SPAN lang=EN-US> (5)</SPAN>耶稣是至死不悟的预言家;<SPAN lang=EN-US>(6)</SPAN>耶稣是有血有肉的普通人,但後来的人们将他神化了。学术界对圣经中<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿撒勒人耶稣<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>这个名称展开过讨论。《新约》头<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>卷称耶稣为<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿撒勒人<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Nazarene)</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿佐拉派。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Nazoraean)</SPAN>;而在犹太教文献中,耶稣及其门徒被称作<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿撒利姆<SPAN lang=EN-US>"(Notarim)</SPAN>。大多数学者认为这些词都与加利利一个叫做<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿撒勒<SPAN lang=EN-US>"(Nazareth)</SPAN>的城市有关,但也有少数学者不同意这种看法,他们认在《旧约》中找不到这个拿撒勒城的名字,可能它是一个小村庄名字。近人罗伯逊<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Archibald Robertson)</SPAN>引述<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>世纪约有关献後指出<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>公元前在叙利亚和巴勒斯坦境内就有一个教派叫<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿撒利派<SPAN lang=EN-US>"(Nasaraens)</SPAN>,并说<SPAN lang=EN-US>:"</SPAN>另一桩奇事是,一个叫做曼达安派的教派,他们崇奉施洗者约翰为真先知,而斥责耶稣是说谎者和骗子,但是依然称他们的主要成员为拿撒拉<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Nasoraye)</SPAN>也就是<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>拿佐拉派<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>。他因此得出结论说<SPAN lang=EN-US>:"</SPAN>约翰和耶稣的信徒们被称为拿佐拉派。但是这个称号并不是源於拿撒勒的村名,却是源於希伯来语<SPAN lang=EN-US>Natzar</SPAN>一词,原是<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN>守<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN>的意思<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>即指守秘密者或严守犹太律法者。<SPAN lang=EN-US>" </SPAN>国内也有人认为基督教是由上述拿撒勒派发展而来。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>似乎更多的学者坚持拿撒勒派是基督教中的一个派别的观点,认为该派出现的时间应为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>世纪。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>"</SPAN>耶稣<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>在希腊文作<SPAN lang=EN-US>lesous</SPAN>,是希伯来文<SPAN lang=EN-US>Jeshua(</SPAN>耶书亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US>Jehoshua (</SPAN>约书亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>Joshua(</SPAN>约书亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>等词的译音,原意为<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>耶和华<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>是<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>拯救<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>。罗伯逊认为希腊文中<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>基督</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: MS Gothic; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: MS Gothic">‧</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">耶稣<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>就是<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>弥赛亚</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: MS Gothic; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: MS Gothic">‧</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">约书亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>,同《旧约》中的先知约书亚有内在联系。但这种一家之言忽略了<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>约书亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>这词本身的含义,也撇开了《马太福音》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>章第<SPAN lang=EN-US>21</SPAN>节的解释,所以不能为大多数学者所接受。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>即使非常肯定耶稣实有其人的论者,对耶稣的生平仍存有种种疑点,比如耶稣的生卒年代,照教会的传统说法,耶稣生年就是公元纪年的开始,但是历史学家指出<SPAN lang=EN-US>: </SPAN>《路加福音》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>章第<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>节所载<SPAN lang=EN-US>"°</SPAN>居里扭作叙利亚巡抚的时候<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>,应在公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>6 - 7</SPAN>年,然而按《马太福音》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>章第<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>节的记载<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>当希律王的时候,耶稣生在犹太的的佰利恒<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>来看,生年应定于公元前<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>年。 不仅生年仍为悬案,卒年亦谁以确定。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>《圣经》中记载耶稣生平事迹寥寥无几,童年的事几乎末提到,只在《路加福音》第<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>章讲到他<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>岁时跟父母去耶路撒冷,在圣殿里坐在教师中间听讲发问的情景。然後就是第<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>章第<SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN>节说<SPAN lang=EN-US>:"</SPAN>耶稣开头传道,年纪约有<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>岁。<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>此外,福音书记载的都是他传道以後的言行。所以黑格尔也觉得不无遗憾地说<SPAN lang=EN-US>:"</SPAN>关於耶稣<SPAN lang=EN-US>[</SPAN>思想<SPAN lang=EN-US>]</SPAN>发展的成熟过程这一有趣的问题,我们没有得到任何消息。他最初出现时已经是在成年时期,那时他已经从犹太人传统旧俗念意识中解放出来了。<SPAN lang=EN-US>" <BR> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>综合现有的资料和研究成果来看,关于耶稣生平有下列几点我们可加以肯定<SPAN lang=EN-US>: 1. </SPAN>耶稣是犹太人;<SPAN lang=EN-US> 2.</SPAN>生活在公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>世纪初;<SPAN lang=EN-US> 3. 30</SPAN>岁左右在加利利和犹太各地传教;<SPAN lang=EN-US> 4. </SPAN>曾收<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>个人为大弟子;<SPAN lang=EN-US> 5. </SPAN>遭到犹太教上层分子的嫉妒;<SPAN lang=EN-US> 6. </SPAN>後以<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>谋反罗马<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>罪被钉死於十字架。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> "</SPAN>基督<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>一词在希腊文作<SPAN lang=EN-US>"Christos"</SPAN>,意为<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>受膏者<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>,即希伯来文<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>弥赛亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>的对应词。在《新约》圣经中,常同耶稣连用或换用。但近代研究者常将耶稣同基督分开。有的还将<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>历史的耶稣<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>和<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>信仰的基督<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>加以区分。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=3></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">2. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">发展</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在起初的一二百年间,基督教是作为异教被政府(罗马帝国)禁止的,基督教信徒受到迫害,甚至被处死。直到<SPAN lang=EN-US>313</SPAN>年,罗马帝国皇帝</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15698.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">君士坦丁大帝</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">颁布米兰诏书,从而使基督教成为政府所允许的宗教。<SPAN lang=EN-US>325</SPAN>年,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/157236.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">尼西亚信经</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/206466.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第一次尼西亚公会议</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">上通过,并成为基督教的最基础的原则,现在几乎所有的基督教教派都接受这一原则。<SPAN lang=EN-US>392</SPAN>年,罗马皇帝</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/92238.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">狄奥多西一世</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">宣布基督教为</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/775833.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">国教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。从此,基督教开始迅速发展起来。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>395</SPAN>年,罗马帝国在内部矛盾和外族入侵下分裂为东罗马和</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1140359.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">西罗马</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,基督教也开始分裂为东正教(自称</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/789380.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">正教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)和</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/654785.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">罗马公教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(自称</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/582432.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">公教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">),两个教派都自称是基督教的</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/460020.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">正统</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/459742.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">罗马教皇</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/187054.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">教宗</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)是罗马公教最高领导者,而</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8014.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">君士坦丁堡</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/250274.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">牧首</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">则是东正教的首领。到<SPAN lang=EN-US>1054</SPAN>年,东部教会和西部教会互相宣布把对方</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/212954.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">宗主教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">驱逐出教,标志着罗马公教和东正教正式分道扬镳,称为基督宗教大分裂。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>世纪</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9414.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">伊斯兰教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">兴起,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/23038.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">耶路撒冷</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">落入</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/32146.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">穆斯林</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的控制之下。西罗马地区的教会和国家为解放圣地耶路撒冷在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1095</SPAN>年-<SPAN lang=EN-US>1291</SPAN>年间先后八次</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/25402.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">十字军东征</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>16</SPAN>世纪,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3762.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">德国</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2773.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">瑞士</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6323.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">荷兰</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/45417.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">北欧</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3565.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">英国</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">等地发生了</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/94764.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">宗教改革运动</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,它产生出脱离天主教会的基督教新教教会。领导人物是</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/81775.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">马丁<SPAN lang=EN-US>·</SPAN>路德</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/27482.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">加尔文</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">等人,他们建立了新教和</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/207157.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣公会</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,脱离了罗马天主教。中国所称的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,基本上都是这个时候产生的新教。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=4></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">3. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在中国的历史</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2541.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">唐太宗</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">贞观九年(<SPAN lang=EN-US>635</SPAN>年),基督教开始传入</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/61891.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">中国</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,但当时传入中国的是当年一度被认为是</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/85068.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">异端</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/600774.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">聂斯托利派</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(中国称</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/29672.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">景教</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,现称<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基督宗教马龙派<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>),后来在</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6527.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">唐朝</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">会昌五年(<SPAN lang=EN-US>845</SPAN>年)被禁止传播。</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/10783.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">元朝</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">时基督教(景教和罗马公教)又再次传入中国,称为<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>也利可温<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>(蒙古语<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>有福缘的人<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>),元朝灭亡后又中断了。明朝万历十年(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1582</SPAN>年),天主教</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/242306.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">耶稣会</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">派来</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/83745.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">利玛窦</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,他被允许在广东肇庆定居并传教,曾一度成功地使天主教在中国得以立足。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5405.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">清朝</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2686.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">雍正</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">五年(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1727</SPAN>年),东正教开始在中国传播。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1807</SPAN>年,新教派遣</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/69585.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">马礼逊</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">来华传教,新教也开始在中国传播。</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/10777.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">鸦片战争</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">以后,基督教以沿海通商口岸为基地迅速发展。</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/104614.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">1843</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8904.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">洪秀全</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">借助基督教的教义,自称是耶稣的弟弟,建立<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/55280.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">拜上帝会</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,后来建立</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/32739.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">太平天国</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1851</SPAN>年-<SPAN lang=EN-US>1864</SPAN>年)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>战乱中诞生的《天风》杂志,<SPAN lang=EN-US>1945</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>月创办于成都,主办机构是基督教联合出版社。<st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1948" Month="1" Day="1" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1948</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>以后,改用「天风社」的名义出版。<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1949</SPAN>年以后成为中国基督教会的机关刊物,它的命运与中国的时代变化紧密相连。因而可以有效地观察分析一批中国激进基督徒的政治主张与立场,进而探讨时代变革中基督教与政治、基督徒与社会的关联与互动。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>中华人民共和国建立后,天主教徒解放初约有<SPAN lang=EN-US>270</SPAN>多万人,到<SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN>年约有<SPAN lang=EN-US>500</SPAN>万人;基督教徒解放初约有<SPAN lang=EN-US>70</SPAN>多万人,截至<SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN>年,基督教信徒已超过<SPAN lang=EN-US>1600</SPAN>万人。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=5></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">4. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教教义</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -1.5" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(参看尼西亚信经<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt 21.1pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -1.5" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">1. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">共同教义</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督是<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>基利斯督<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的简称,意思是上帝差遣来的</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/600431.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">受膏者</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,为基督宗教对耶稣的专称。基督宗教是信奉耶稣基督为救主的各教派的统称。该教与佛教、伊斯兰教并称世界三大宗教。于公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>世纪由巴勒斯坦</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/247442.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">拿撒勒</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">人耶稣创立。他是上帝的</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/347863.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">独生子</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,为圣灵感孕童贞女</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/470869.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">玛丽娅</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">而降生;他曾行过很多神迹,让瞎子复明,跛子行走,死人复活,但是因为犹太公会不满耶稣基督自称为上帝的独生子、唯一的救赎主,把他交给罗马统治者钉死在十字架上;死后第三天复活,显现于诸位门徒,复活第<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>天后升天;还会于世界末日再度降临人间,拯救人类,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/556847.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">审判</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">世界。被<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>使徒中的犹大叛卖并受难,受难日为</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/40294.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">星期五</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,最后的晚餐连耶稣有<SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN>人,所以在西方,<SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN>是人们忌讳的数字,并且与星期五一起视为凶日。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>尽管有三大教派,但是基本教义都是相同的。即上帝创世说,原罪救赎说,天堂地狱说。《圣经》,由《旧约全书》和《</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/167965.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">新约全书</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">》两部分组成,是基督教的经典。十字架是基督教的标志。他们信奉的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>上帝<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/157124.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">天主</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">”</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/29987.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">本体</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">上是独一的,但是包括</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/156429.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣父</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/156447.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣子</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/53226.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣灵</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(圣神)三个</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1204097.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">位格</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>上帝 </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/616.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">神</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(God)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">:基督教信仰圣父、圣子、圣灵三而一的上帝。上帝是</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3733.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">三位一体</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">——</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣父是万有之源造物之主,圣子是太初之道而降世为人的基督耶稣,圣灵受圣父之差遣运行于万有之中、更受圣父及圣子之差遣而运行于教会之中。但这三者仍是同一位上帝,而非三个上帝<SPAN lang=EN-US>——</SPAN>三位格、一本体,简称三位一体。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/115801.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">创造</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(Creation)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">:基督教认为上帝创造了宇宙(时间和空间)万物,包括人类的始祖。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/183080.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">罪</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(Sin)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">:亚当与夏娃在伊甸园中违逆上帝出于爱的命令,偷吃禁果,想要脱离造物主而获得自己的智慧,从此与上帝的生命源头隔绝,致使罪恶与魔鬼纒身,而病痛与死亡则为必然的结局。后世人皆为两人后裔,生而难免犯同样的罪,走上灭亡之路。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/602029.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">救赎</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(Redemption)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">:人生的希望在于信奉耶稣基督为主,因他在十字架上的赎罪,并他在三日后从死里复活,使悔改相信他的人一切的罪皆得赦免,并得到能胜过魔鬼与死亡的永远生命。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/13782.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">灵魂</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">与</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/447741.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">永生</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(immortality)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">:人有灵魂,依生前行为,死后受审判,生前信仰基督者,得靠基督进入永生。怙恶不悛者,将受公义的刑罚与灭亡。世界终有毁灭的末日,但在上帝所造的新天新地中,却是永生常存。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><B>2. </B></SPAN><B>不同教派的教义</B>(参见</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/290484.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教派</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><B>天主教</B>:天主教的信仰生活的核心是七项</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/55820.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣事</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,即</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1257661.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣洗</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣事、坚振圣事、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/625030.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">修和圣事</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、圣体圣事(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/40128.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">弥撒</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/625037.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">婚配圣事</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、圣秩圣事、病人傅油圣事。在这其中,弥撒是最重要的。日常生活中,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/141303.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">诵经</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">也是天主教信徒经常进行的活动,这些经文大都是一些经过编排好的重要经文的连祷,例如</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1002638.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">天主经</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">﹐宗徒信经和《</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/243171.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">玫瑰经</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">》。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><B>东正教</B>:东正教派的</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/130408.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">神学</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和对于经卷的解释都是遵循基督教兴起初期所传下来的典范。他们所有的努力都是为了要继续和延续基督传给他最初使徒,以及使徒传给早期教会</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/83756.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">僧侣</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的神学和信仰。从某种意义上说,东正教是最保守的基督教派。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><B>新教</B>:新教具有与天主教和东正教不同的教义,比如:强调<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/115849.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">因信称义</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,即得以称义是不需要任何善行,只在乎信;人人皆可为</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/29999.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">祭司</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,因为彼得前书<SPAN lang=EN-US>2:9“</SPAN>惟有你们是被拣选的族类,是有君尊的祭司、是圣洁的国度、是属上帝的子民,要叫你们宣扬那召你们出黑暗入奇妙光明者的美德<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>;只有圣经为最高的权威,并只承认</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38023.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">洗礼</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/55829.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣餐</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">礼两者为</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1157788.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣礼</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,这与天主教和东正教注重圣事(即圣礼)的传统截然不同。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=6></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">5. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教主要节日</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教主要</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/22934.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">节日</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">有圣诞节、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/101692.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">受难节</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、复活节、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1077516.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">升天节</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/938936.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">诸圣日</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2532.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">万圣节</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)等,天主教和东正教还有圣神降临节、</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/584642.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣母升天节</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/938916.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">命名日</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">等节日。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>圣诞节:</B><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2008" Month="12" Day="25" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>。原为罗马神话中太阳神阿波罗的生日;罗马帝国以基督宗教为国教后将此日改为纪念耶稣基督诞辰,但耶稣基督降生的真实日期无人知道。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>受难日:</B>复活节前的礼拜五,纪念耶稣基督被钉死于十字架上。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>复活节:</B><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2008" Month="3" Day="21" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>21</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>到<st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2008" Month="4" Day="25" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>之间,每年</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/10644.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">春分</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">月圆后的第一个礼拜日,纪念耶稣基督复活。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>感恩节:</B>(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3017.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">北美洲</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教传统节日,而非普世基督教节日)<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>月的第四个礼拜四(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2398.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">美国</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">),或<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>月的第三个礼拜六(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3647.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">加拿大</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=7></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">6.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">教堂和遗迹</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">1. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">中国基督教文物</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">中国著名的天主教教堂和遗迹:</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 北京南堂和北堂;利马窦墓;天津老西开教堂;上海徐家汇天主堂;上海佘山圣母大教堂;广州圣心大教堂;<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>中国著名东正教教堂:</B> 哈尔滨圣索非亚教堂;上海圣母大教堂;<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>中国著名新教教堂:</B> 上海国际礼拜堂;上海沐恩堂;上海圣三一堂;上海景灵堂;<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B>2. </B></SPAN><B>世界其他地方著名教堂</B><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/14159.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">巴黎圣母院</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/64741.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">法国</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/11269.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">巴黎</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">),</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/421673.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">科隆大圣马丁教堂</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(德国</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/24664.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">科隆</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">),</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/242442.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">救世主大教堂</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2403.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">俄罗斯</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/25155.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">莫斯科</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">),</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/443658.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣索非亚大教堂</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6785.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">土耳其</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/32606.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">伊斯坦布尔</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">),</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28286.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣彼得大教堂</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/19255.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">梵蒂冈</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=8></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">7.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《圣经》</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">圣经是亚伯拉罕诸教<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>包括基督新教、天主教、东正教、犹太教等各宗教<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>的宗教经典,由旧约全书与新约全书组成,旧约全书是犹太教的经书,新约全书是耶稣基督以及其使徒的言行和故事的纪录。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>旧约圣经<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>天主教和东正教的旧约圣经共<SPAN lang=EN-US>46</SPAN>卷,当中包含了其他宗派划为次经的数个书卷;基督新教的旧约圣经有<SPAN lang=EN-US>39</SPAN>卷;而犹太教的</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/167915.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">希伯来圣经</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">由于把多个章节较少的书卷合成一卷,总数只有<SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN>卷,内容和新教的旧约全书一致。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>新约圣经<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>新约圣经的数量比较一致,都有<SPAN lang=EN-US>27</SPAN>卷。犹太教并不承认新约圣经为正典。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>此外,伊斯兰教只接受旧约全书的前五卷(摩西五经)、诗篇和新约全书的四福音书为正典,但认为其中有大量错误,是传抄翻译过程中的人为失误;基督宗教各传统用不同版本的抄本来反驳穆斯林的这一指控,并以</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/41252.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">奥斯曼</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">版本的形成过程反诉</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/11283.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">古兰经</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">有被</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/25748.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">哈里发</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">奥斯曼</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">篡改</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2077.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">穆罕默德</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">口述原文的重大嫌疑。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>旧约全书有书三十九卷,新约全书有二十七卷,共是六十六卷。考古学证明,旧约全书完成於耶稣诞生前数百年至千年,例如摩西五经(《创世记》、《出埃及记》、《利未记》、《民数记》、《申命记》)完成於公元前<SPAN lang=EN-US>1400</SPAN>年左右,《玛拉基书》完成於公元前<SPAN lang=EN-US>400</SPAN>年左右;新约全书则完成於公元一世纪末,所以新旧约全书的写作历时<SPAN lang=EN-US>1500</SPAN>多年。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>圣经中的各卷书均是独立写成,写成後即在各犹太会堂及基督教堂传读。到了公元前<SPAN lang=EN-US>250</SPAN>年左右,犹太大祭司以利沙从犹太十二支派中各选出六位译经长老,聚集在亚历山大城,将希伯来文旧约译成当时流行的希腊文,这就是著名的七十士译本。到公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>70</SPAN>年,当圣城耶路撒冷将被摧毁之际,犹太人召开了高级会议,正式承认希伯来圣经正典二十四卷书(即旧约全书正典三十九卷书)。而在公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>382</SPAN>年及公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>397</SPAN>年的两次著名会议上,则追认了新约全书正典二十七卷书的地位。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>圣经的执笔者有四十几位之多。他们所处的时代不同,职业、身份也不同。有的是政治、军事领袖,有的是君王、宰相,有的是犹太律法家,有的是医生,还有渔夫、牧羊人和税吏。有的写於战争危难之中,有的写於太平盛世之时;有的完成於皇宫内,有的则在牢狱或流放的岛上<SPAN lang=EN-US>……</SPAN>这些在时间上跨越了千年的作者们,并不知道这些书卷日後会被汇编成册,成为新、旧约正典。然而,当人们把这六十六卷书汇在一处时,这些跨越六十代人写成的作品,却呈现出前後呼应、和谐一致、浑然一体的风貌来,彷佛有一只无形的手,穿过千年的时光,操控著每位作者手中的笔,使这些作品,超越了作者身为<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>人<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的有限性,成为宏篇巨著圣经中浑然天成的一部分<SPAN lang=EN-US>.<BR></SPAN>目前,基督新教使用的中文圣经为<SPAN lang=EN-US>1919</SPAN>年面世的和合本圣经。和合本圣经分为文理、浅文理、官话。前两种使用文言文,官话本使用当时的白话。联合圣经公会在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1983</SPAN>年决定对官话和合本作出修订,并组织一队圣经学者、翻译顾问及编辑人员,开始了修订的工作。在修订委员会的努力下在<SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN>年完成了新约部份的修订。《新约全书<SPAN lang=EN-US>—</SPAN>和合本修订版》奉献礼于<st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2008" Month="4" Day="24" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>傍晚在播道会港福堂举行,由和合本修订版总编辑周联华博士证道、圣公会邝广杰大主教主礼。联合圣经公会和香港圣经公会的同工以及众多教牧同工出席。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>它流传在五大洲,分布于<SPAN lang=EN-US>160</SPAN>个国家和地区。基督教分为三大流派:天主教、东正教和新教。其中天主教最为重要,在基督教徒中,天主教教徒的数目占了半数以上。基督教的核心是信仰上帝。教义的主要内容包括:上帝创造天地万物;按上帝旨意,耶稣降身人世,被钉死在十字架后,又复活升天,成为救世主(即基督);圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体;人类由于亚当犯罪(原罪)和本人犯罪(本罪)而不能自救,耶稣之死担当了罪过,信徒和灵魂得到拯救;人都要接受神的审判,善者升天堂,恶者下地狱。天主教除了上述基督教各派共有的信仰外,特别崇敬圣母玛利亚,认为耶稣的生母玛利亚无染原罪,信徒尊之为天主之母,歌功颂德。天主教要求信徒严守十诫。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN> 天主教教徒须坚持一生中举行以下七种仪式:洗礼、坚振、悔罪、圣餐、婚配、终博和圣职。他们对于圣诞节、复活节、圣灵降临节等宗教节日十分重视,每逢星期日和重大宗教节日,教徒们是一定要去教堂作弥撒的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=9></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">8.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的大事记:</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <B><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.</SPAN></B>自耶稣出生至基督教成为罗马帝国国教为止的大约500年,是早期基督教时期。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN> <B><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.</SPAN></B>其后,自500<SPAN lang=EN-US>—</SPAN>1500年,基督教逐渐传播给罗曼、凯尔特、日耳曼和斯拉夫等民族,在欧洲建立起中世纪基督教文明。但是,也是在这个时期,基督教受到严酷的考验。它早期的势力范围巴勒斯坦、叙利亚、小亚细亚、北非乃至西班牙部分地区已经伊斯兰化,西西里和意大利南部也受到威胁。俄罗斯沦于蒙古可汗及突厥金帐汗的统治之下,随之安瓦尔人、匈奴人、蒙古人、土耳其人也先后侵入西方。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN> <B><SPAN lang=EN-US>3.</SPAN></B>1054年,基督教分为天主教和东正教两大派。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN> <B><SPAN lang=EN-US>4.</SPAN></B>16世纪的宗教改革运动使基督教又产生了新教、安立甘宗、信义宗、归正宗和其他各派。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN> <B> <SPAN lang=EN-US>5.</SPAN></B>19世纪是基督教传播史上的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>伟大世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,在这个世纪里,基督教被传到世界各地。 <B><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=10></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">9.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教教义的形成<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 基督教与犹太教的关系,从一开始就是既有继承又有分离。在1、2世纪,罗马统治者认为基督教无非是犹太人的教派,对基督教和犹太教一律迫害。自君士坦丁大帝定基督教为国教后,特别是从6世纪起,基督教迫害犹太教,历次十字军东征把犹太人与穆斯林同样视为敌人。然而,历代基督教神学家向犹太教圣经学家寻求指引,犹太教神秘主义也不断对基督的神秘主义派别发挥影响。2世纪以后,基督教又从希腊文化吸取营养。一些神学家认为希腊哲学中的逻各斯就是弥赛亚,他成为肉身就是耶稣基督。柏拉图对现实世界的唯心主义解释,亚里士多德关于存在和知识的论述,都渗入基督教义。基督教的一部分崇拜仪式和赞美诗也可溯源于希腊密教和神秘哲学。在基督教作为罗马帝国国教时代,特别是4世纪末,皇帝狄奥多西登位之后,信奉异端成为应受国家制裁的犯罪行为,反对教会就是反对帝国。4<SPAN lang=EN-US>—</SPAN>8世纪参加帝国宗教会议的主教们往往将少数持不同宗教观点的人宣布为异端,当作国贼加以剪除。中世纪教会为了维护正统教义,根据教会法成立异端裁判所并颁发《教廷禁书目录》。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=11></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">10.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的教义<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>补充<SPAN lang=EN-US>4)</SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 基督教教义中关于上帝的概念可以归纳为以下几点:<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>1、上帝是有位格的独一真神;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>2、上帝是天地万有的创造者;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>3、上帝是历史的主宰;<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>4、上帝要拯救他的百姓,赦免他们的罪孽,令他们作他的儿女;<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN>5、上帝将于世界末日审判世人。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN> 关于魔鬼,基督教教义认为,魔鬼撒旦本来是上帝所造,他是上帝的对手和敌手,对抗上帝的救世计划。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN> 从基督教会创立伊始,教会内部对于耶稣的解释就一直莫衷一是。例如《马可福音》说耶稣是人,他在约旦河里受洗时,圣灵降在他身上,当时有声音透过云层传来,宣布他是上帝之子。安提阿派神学家在研究基督论时,都遵循这样一种解释。《约翰福音》提出另外一种看法,它认为耶稣是道成肉身。按照这个说法,耶稣具有神性,并不是说他是具有天赐神力的人,他的神性乃是自先于世界存在的道一脉相承而来。亚历山大派神学家坚持这种看法。耶稣基督宣布天国将要来临,并开始建立天国的事业,相信耶稣基督就必然要相信天国。基督教的末世论与《旧约》中上帝所发出的有关弥赛亚来临的诺言有关。在耶稣出世以前,以弥赛亚为标榜的起义此起彼伏。耶稣拒绝成为政治上的弥赛亚,使盼望这种天国的民众失望。除了这种政治性的愿望以外,另一种形式的末世论不期望地上的弥赛亚,而指望上天命立的弥赛亚,这位弥赛亚将要建立的是天国而不是地上的国家。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN>耶稣自命为实现天国的人。对于圣母马利亚的崇拜,在君士坦丁大帝宣布基督教为罗马帝国国教,大批民众改信基督教时开始盛行。居住在地中海和近东地区的各民族难以理解圣父的绝对权威;犹太教对上帝的概念中含有狭窄的族权观念,基督教的早期宣传中继承这种观念,它是上述各民族难以接受的。这些民族几千年来一直在崇拜一位圣母女神,一位神圣的童贞女,这种崇拜从巴比伦和亚述的古代民间宗教一直传到希腊文化的末期。尽管基督教的福音书的教导反对崇拜这位女神,但是,这种崇敬却得以借崇拜马利亚的形式表达出来;据说正是在马利亚腹中,具有神性的道才与人性实现奇妙的结合而成为耶稣。根据基督教义,圣灵这个概念的实质是象风吹那样自由自在,预言之灵与知识之灵不是先知或智者可以随意左右的。圣灵的启示,表现为先知的预言或智慧的语言,写出来就是《圣经》。圣灵又是不断推进教会历史的、有创造力的革新动力。基督教关于三位一体的教义来源于早期基督教徒所经历的特殊教义形成过程。500年通过的《亚大纳西信经》对三位一体教义提出最终的明确定义。关于人,基督教教义首先认为,人是按照上帝的形象造出来的,因此在上帝彰显自己的作为时,人必然起决定性的作用。既然人反映上帝的形象,上帝在实践自己的计划时就必然要求人的合作。上帝和人互相紧密依附,可以说上帝和人是互相为了对方的缘故而存在的。根据基督教教义,教会是由蒙上帝选的人组成的末世团体,圣灵浇灌于教会的生命过程中;教会由相信耶稣基督的人们组成,其中既有犹太人也有非犹太人,教会成员都是<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>新以色列人<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,都是上帝的选民;教会是耶稣基督的身体,教会的成员都是建造教会大厦所用的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>活石<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>。基督教教义记述在获得各派基督教会普遍承认的《使徒信经》、《尼西亚<SPAN lang=EN-US>—</SPAN>君士坦丁堡信经》(又名《尼西亚信经》)以及《亚大纳西信经》上。属抗罗宗的多地区性教会分别制订各自的信纲。1960年,世界基督教协进会中央委员会在苏格兰的圣安德鲁斯城一致通过表达基督教各派共同信仰基础的较详细的草案:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>世界基督教协进会是教会的联谊组织,这些教会根据《圣经》相信主耶稣基督是上帝和教主,它们因而谋求实现为此共同应召的目标,以归荣耀于上帝圣父、圣子和圣灵。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=12></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">11. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教组织形式<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 关于教会的组织,东正教和天主教都一贯实行主教制。在英格兰,尽管经过教改运动和革命,清教徒和独立派的反对虽然十分激烈,但是,从使徒时代一脉相承的主教制的理论和实践都原封不动地由圣公会保存下来。瑞典国教信义会保留主教制。在德国福音会(在信仰上属信义宗和归正宗)主教制已在宗教改革运动时废除。苏格兰长老会以及北美洲的各长老会还有许多清教派别都采用长老制,形式上类似民主共和政体。公理制强调由各个教会独立自主地进行传教、礼拜、管理和行政等方面的事务。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=13></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">12. </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教礼仪<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 基督教的崇拜形式不一而足,个人祈祷和家庭崇拜受到重视。家庭是基督教社会的基本。集体崇拜形式和多寡因教派而异。关于圣礼,天主教规定七件圣事,即圣洗、坚振、告解、圣体、圣品、终傅和婚配。东正教圣礼也是七件。抗罗宗的古典派信义会、圣公会和归正会只采用两种圣礼,即洗礼和圣餐。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=14></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">13.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教在世界的传播<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 基督教传遍全球,其传布范围超过任何其他宗教,在伊斯兰教向西方冲击之前,东方教会已大力从事传教活动。东方教会,特别是聂斯托利派教会在3、4世纪传入中国(称为景教)、亚洲中部和蒙古等地。东方教会也向西扩展,迁移中的日耳曼部族在小亚细亚和拜占庭督教。在北方、东北方和西北方,斯拉夫系统的不同民族也通过拜占庭受基督教。传教、开化和殖民这三种活动往往配合进行,因此,代表较先进文化的传教士往往给许多较后进地区带来重要变化。抗罗宗的传教活动从一开始就受到虔敬派的一种理论的影响,这种理论认为,必须用基督福音之光去照亮<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>黑暗<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的异教世界。在20世纪,由欧美传教机构产生的所谓子教会,强烈要求独立,要求基督教各派联合。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=15></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">14.</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的历史</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">:<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>按照遭到后现代主义批判的现代主义历史观,不是按教义<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><BR> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基督教的前身是犹太教,而且至今基督教的圣经的大部分内容也是犹太教的圣经内容(旧约全书)。说到犹太教就必须说到它的创始人摩西。摩西是在以色列人被埃及人征服并沦落为埃及法老的奴隶时代的以色列人。但他与一般的以色列人不同,他是以色列人,却是由埃及法老的女儿抚养,并受到良好的埃及文化教育长大的以色列人。正因为他的传奇般的经历和良好的文化教育使得他成为犹太教的创始人和以色列人的宗教领袖。本来以色列人的原始宗教神是耶和华神(上帝),于是摩西利用以色列人对耶和华神的信仰,传神的意旨,组织以色列人完成了摆脱埃及法老奴役的逃亡行动。对于民族大逃亡行动这种大规模的集体行动,在当时没有宗教力量的帮助是不可能完成的。不光是领导以色列人,而且对付埃及法老也都是利用了宗教的力量,因为他了解埃及的宗教文化所以才能与埃及法老进行交涉。这些在圣经中都有很具体的记载。如在圣经《出埃及记》<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>摩西与燃烧的荆棘<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>一节中有这样的描述:<SPAN lang=EN-US>[</SPAN>神又对摩西说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>你去招聚以色列的长老,对他们说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘</SPAN>耶和华你们祖宗的神,就是亚伯拉罕的神,以撒的神,雅各的神,向我显现,说:我实在眷顾了你们,我也看见埃及人怎样对待你们。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>我也说:要将你们从埃及的困苦中领出来,往<SPAN lang=EN-US>……’]</SPAN>。通过与埃及法老的多次交涉与斗争,埃及法老才不得不同意以色列人离开埃及。由于摩西的智慧和勇气,带领以色列人克服重重困难,成功的摆脱埃及法老的追杀,安全到达巴勒斯坦地区。成功的摆脱埃及法老奴役使摩西成了以色列人心目中的英雄、民族的救星。但是,他知道以色列民族的命运这样悲惨,其主要原因是没有民族的团结。而要实现民族的团结就必须有一个精神上的统一,在当时的历史条件下要实现这一点要求,唯一的方法就是建立一个能够为全民族接受的宗教;并且,这个宗教的教义必须与原始宗教不同,应该具有对人的思想、行为的统一作用,也就是对人的社会性有更加强的支持。为了使大家接受他的思想,摩西需要利用人们对他的信任,利用传达耶和华神(上帝)的话来建立新的、更加强力的宗教。为此,摩西和以色列人的长老们在西奈山准备了相当隆重、神秘的仪式。这在圣经《出埃及记》<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>在西奈山<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>一节中有这样的描述:<SPAN lang=EN-US>[</SPAN>你要在山的四围给百姓定界限,说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘</SPAN>你们当谨慎,不可上山去,也不可摸到山的边界;凡摸这山的,必要治死他。不可用手摸他,必用石头打死,或用箭射透;无论是人是畜牲,都不得活。<SPAN lang=EN-US>’</SPAN>到角声拖长的时候,他们才可到山根来。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”]</SPAN>所以上帝的话是完全由摩西来转达的,从而他垄断了与神之间的交往权,成为神的唯一代言人。这点对于摩西建立新的宗教是极为重要的,因为这实际上使他变成了神的唯一代表,因此他的话也就成了不可违背的神喻。摩西建立新宗教的第一件事情就是向全体以色列人提出《十戒》,并且是以与耶和华神(上帝)的约定的形式提出的用石板刻下,所以没有任何可以商量的余地,必须无条件地、全面地遵守。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN>对于人的社会性问题,我们来看看作为犹太教的基石的摩西《十戒》的内容。(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>)耶和华神是唯一的神;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>)不可用自己想象的任何偶像来祭拜,而要从心里遵守戒命;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>)不可滥用耶和华神的名义;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>)当记住安息日,工作六天,就休息一天,定为圣日,以记住耶和华神的创造天地功绩;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>)孝敬父母;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>)不可杀人;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>)不可奸淫;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>)不可偷盗;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>)不可作假见证陷害人;(<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>)不可贪财。从这些内容可以清楚地看出摩西《十戒》除第<SPAN lang=EN-US>1~4</SPAN>条是对祭拜的规定,第<SPAN lang=EN-US>5~10</SPAN>条就都是对人的社会性的具体规定。并且在圣经《出埃及记》<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>希伯来人奴仆<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>人身伤害<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>保护财产<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>社会责任<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>公平与怜悯的条例<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>等几节都进一步对必须遵守的社会道德、秩序进行了具体的解释和说明。这些都说明建立该宗教的主要目的是保证、培养人的社会性,维护统一的社会秩序。即使是以耶和华神的意旨来推行新的宗教,仍然还有很大的阻力,在圣经《出埃及记》<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>金牛犊<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>一节中就记载着这样一件事情。以色列人就在摩西到山上去的时候,立刻就做出了违背戒律的事情<SPAN lang=EN-US>——</SPAN>崇拜金牛犊。这显然是对摩西刚刚确立的政治权威的最严重的挑战。<SPAN lang=EN-US>[ “</SPAN>摩西见百姓放肆,就站在营门中说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘</SPAN>凡属耶和华的,都要到我这里来!<SPAN lang=EN-US>’……</SPAN>他对他们说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘</SPAN>耶和华以色列的神这样说:你们各人把刀跨在腰间,在营中往来,从这门到那门,各人杀他的弟兄与同伴并邻舍<SPAN lang=EN-US>’</SPAN>利未的子孙照摩西的话行了。那一天,百姓中被杀的约有三千。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”]</SPAN>就这样,摩西用武力重新建立起他那独一无二的统治权威。摩西建立的新犹太教仍然根据传统的祭祀活动方式,使用牛、羊等各种牲口,谷物、乳香等物品进行供奉。若是有人犯了罪,可以用钱、物品进行供奉来赎罪。同时,新犹太教还规定了一系列的社会规则和律例、典章要求全体以色列人遵守,这在圣经中都有详细的描述,而这些规则都是对于维护当时奴隶社会的社会秩序起到了极重要的作用。所以犹太教可以说对当时以色列人建立自己的国家,维护社会秩序起作根本的保证作用。直到今天,犹太教的这些律例、典章仍然是犹太社会的道德和维护社会秩序的重要的保证。而且,以后随着由犹太教而发展出来的基督教对世界的广泛影响,这些道德和社会秩序规范对西方社会的历史,甚至今天的社会仍然有作巨大的影响力。当然,随着社会的发展,宗教也在不断地改革以更好地适应社会对人的要求的变化。对于宗教改革适应社会的问题我们将在下一节中再进行讨论。我们现在继续讨论基督教的社会作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN>公元一世纪左右,巴勒斯坦犹太人处于罗马帝国奴隶主统治下,残酷的民族压迫和掠夺,激起犹太民族的强烈反抗。当时发生了多次犹太民族大起义,但都在罗马帝国的残酷地镇压下失败了。特别是生活在社会下层的奴隶、贫苦农民、渔民和手工业者是反抗运动的主力军。在这种时代背景下,原来以维护以色列国家的奴隶社会秩序为主要目的的传统犹太教已经不能起到团结犹太民族摆脱罗马帝国的统治的作用。所以在巴勒斯坦拿撒勒地区的贫苦农民、渔民和手工业者中间出现了一些新的宗教思想。其中主要的代表人物有;给耶稣施洗礼的约翰,耶稣和他的门徒们等。他们同投靠罗马帝国的犹太教上层权贵之间存在着尖锐的矛盾与对立。因为新的宗教思想是提倡人人平等、互爱,反对强权统治,而且他们组织民众与犹太教上层权贵作对,所以传播新宗教思想的人都遭到统治阶层的迫害。这些内容在圣经新约四福音《马太福音》《马可福音》《路加福音》《约翰福音》中都有记载。如:<SPAN lang=EN-US>[</SPAN>祭司长和全公会寻找假见证控告耶稣,要治死他。虽有好些人来作假见证,总得不着实据。<SPAN lang=EN-US>]</SPAN>后来,这一派信徒中有许多人遭到杀害,剩下的人被从各个犹太会堂中驱赶出来。但是,新的宗教思想已经得到广大民众的接受,并逐渐形成了一个独立的新教派。它于一世纪五十年代,发展成最初的基督教。从基督教的圣经可以知道,新宗教完全接受了原犹太教的社会规范<SPAN lang=EN-US>——</SPAN>犹太民族以色列国家的秩序,同时也接受并扩展了诸如一神论(上帝耶和华是唯一的神)、先知弥赛亚(基督)等犹太教教义。但犹太教领袖一直认为基督教的一些改革思想与犹太教相悖。其实,正因为当时犹太民族是处于罗马帝国的统治之下,所以继续宣扬上帝的绝对统治权威,不仅是支持了罗马帝国的统治,而且也无法向民众解释上帝为什么不来解救他的子民于苦海。新宗教要利用宗教意识来向民众宣扬他们的思想,所以基督教说真正的先知弥赛亚(基督)已经出现,他就是耶稣,他是上帝的儿子,上帝的意旨由他来宣扬。虽然基督教接受了原犹太教的圣经,但它的一些基本思想的确是不同于原犹太教。在敬拜对象上犹太教只承认上帝,而说上帝许诺的先知弥赛亚(复国救世主)还没有到来,应继续等待。不承认耶稣就是上帝许诺的先知弥赛亚。在宗教思想上,犹太教仍坚持传统的礼仪、律例和典章,如只承认接受割礼的人才是犹太教徒。而基督教简化了犹太教的传统礼仪,对律例和典章也不强调教徒必须遵守,而且接受除犹太人以外的任何民族、任何人种。基督教主要强调思想上的信仰和认可,以信仰、希望、爱为思想纲领,特别强调爱上帝,爱世人,以爱为其最根本的准则,称爱之律法为最大律法。在服从性上,基督教特别强调<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>顺服掌权者<SPAN lang=EN-US>”[</SPAN>在上有权柄的,人人当顺服他,因为没有权柄不是出于神的,凡掌权的都是神所命的。<SPAN lang=EN-US>]</SPAN>教导仆人要服从主人,妻子顺从丈夫,不要与别人争斗等等。这些内容在圣经新约《罗马书》等章节中都有叙述。所以基督教的这种以信仰、希望、爱为主体的宗教思想,对人的社会性的培养、教育上是特别有利,与宗教的基本社会作用有相当的一致性。在国家机器日益完善的社会中,很容易被民众和统治阶层同时接受。这也是基督教以后能在全世界广泛发展,并一直延续几千年而不衰,直至成为世界第一大宗教的一个主要原因。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN>在基督教刚创立的早期(一世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US>30~40</SPAN>年代)主要还是为犹太人信奉,被视为犹太教的异端派别。一世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>年代后期,保罗等人向非犹太人进行传教,基督教会突破犹太民族之界限,相继在叙利亚的安提阿、亚历山大、罗马、君士坦丁堡等地建立教会,在受罗马帝国统治的古代各民族中广泛传播。并且各地的教会吸收当地民族文化,形成各自的为当地民族接受的文化背景。基督教经过这一阶段的发展,在思想信仰上逐渐建立起自己的理论体系,在组织上形成日趋完备的教会制度。早期的基督教徒主要是社会下层的奴隶、贫苦农民、渔民和手工业者,因为基督教教义是不分种族,不分社会地位贫富贵贱,甚至是奴隶只要承认基督信仰,加入教会都可以平等相处,称兄道弟。这样越来越多的人加入基督教会,在教会的组织下进行集体活动。罗马帝国统治阶层认为基督教徒只承认上帝和耶稣为王,会排斥罗马帝国皇帝的权威,而且越来越强大的教会组织可能会动摇罗马帝国统治;犹太教上层权贵因为基督教对传统犹太教的改革,以及基督教会反对犹太教祭师的腐败,所以他们都极力压制、迫害基督教。基督教宗教领袖保罗和彼得的被害是典型的代表。在历史上记录的大迫害活动有十次之多,其中尼禄皇帝持续三十年之久迫害浪潮是最厉害的。大批教徒惨遭杀害,许多教堂被查封,财产被没收。然而,统治阶层的政治迫害和肉体消灭,不能阻挡更不能禁止基督教发展和传播。这进一步说明宗教是社会的需要,是不以统治阶层的行为而改变的社会现象。到公元三世纪以后,罗马帝国统治阶层才逐渐认识到基督教的社会作用,而取消迫害基督教的政策。随着基督教教会组织的发展,也有社会知识阶层和较富裕者加入教会。并且,在基督教的教义解释和宣扬上,进一步强调服从和维护现存的社会制度,提倡的忍辱负重;把追求幸福的希望寄托于死后进天国,寄托于基督再临人世。当时,最有影响的基督教神学大师奥古斯丁<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>353——430</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>,他的代表作《三位一体》和《上帝之城》,奠定了基督教神学的基础。在编纂基督教经典《圣经》中,除了《旧约全书》之外,《圣经》中的《新约全书》就是于公元一世纪后半期用希腊文写成。到公元四世纪左右,编辑完成了至今使用的的《圣经》全文,完成了基督教的思想理论体系。到公元四世纪左右罗马帝国当局不仅承认和支持基督教,而且逐渐利用基督教来统一和治理罗马帝国,把基督教定为国教,指定罗马贵族担任基督教教皇和主教,用国家机器来铲除其它宗教支持基督教的发展。到公元五世纪左右基督教已经不仅在罗马统治地区,而且在整个希腊语及拉丁语地区,向西还包括高卢与北非的一些非拉丁族群,向东已达亚美尼亚成为了基督教国家,另外基督教也还立足于一些叙利亚语族群、古埃及族群、阿拉伯人中,甚至可能已到达哥德人、格鲁吉亚人及印度人中。基督教逐渐成为欧洲各封建王朝稳定社会的主要精神支柱。各国的皇帝登位,往往都要由罗马教皇来主持,体现君权神授的意义。随着基督教教会的财产迅速增长、权利越来越大所以基督教教会不仅是宗教的领袖,而且是实际上的跨国家的封建王朝。教皇和各国大主教成为教会政治和权利争斗的焦点人物,甚至插手和参与很多欧洲封建王朝的政治和权利斗争。<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>世纪基督教会分裂成罗马公教和东正教,完全把宗教组织变成政治和权利斗争的工具。特别是罗马公教发动的与伊斯兰教之间的十字军东征战争,表面上是两种宗教信仰的争斗,实际上是基督教教会的统治阶层,利用和煽动民众的宗教热情,为他们的财富和权利进行战争,是完全违背基督教教义的政治行为。从<SPAN lang=EN-US>1096</SPAN>年至<SPAN lang=EN-US>1291</SPAN>年的近二百年时间里,罗马公教先后组织了向东地中海沿岸各国的八次十字军东侵,给许多国家的人民带来了深重的灾难。罗马公教还为镇压异端建立了宗教裁判所,残酷镇压所谓的异端思想和部分自然科学家。所有象这样一些黑暗的宗教行为并不是宗教本身的社会作用,而是少数统治阶层利用宗教对人的思想控制作用,利用广大信教民众对宗教教义的盲目性来达到为少数统治阶层谋利益的行为。当然,这也从另外一方面说明,由于宗教的非科学性,宗教的社会作用往往容易被少数人利用而产生反社会行为。所以十六世纪后基督教的改革,特别是新教的产生使基督教获得了资本主义发展伦理基础的宗教思想。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><A title=返回页首 href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8241.htm##"></A><A name=16></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">16</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说的新解</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">青年学者</SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1273635.htm" target=_blank><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #0000cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">刘周</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在<SPAN lang=EN-US>“<B> </B></SPAN>关于基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说的几点思考<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>一文中对基督教的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说,进行了新的阐释。以下就是刘周先生的新解:<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B>关于基督教<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说的几点思考</B><SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR> </SPAN><B>一、博爱是耶稣基督最有价值的教导</B>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN>宇宙万物是一个相互联系的整体。在生命世界中,一种生命的生存发展必然会依赖于其它许多种生命的存在。在人类社会中一个人的生存发展,也必然会依赖于其它许多人的存在。所以,正是物种的多样性构成了人类丰富多彩的生存环境。正是各色人等生生不息的生活与创造,构成了我们每个人赖以生存发展的日新月异的社会环境。所以,爱所有的生命,就是爱人类的生存环境。爱所有的人,也就是爱我们每个人自己的生存环境。保持生命世界物种多样性的相对稳定,就是在保护人类发展的未来。保持所有人的生存和生活的权利,就是在保持社会的相对稳定,因而也就是在保证我们每个人生存生活的良好社会环境。所以,耶稣基督所倡导的博爱,虽然有的时候会不被人重视,但是她对于人类社会乃至更广阔生命世界的发展,都具有永恒的价值。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN><B>二、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>是原罪说的理论归宿</B>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN>人类的始祖亚当和夏娃偷吃了伊甸园的禁果,所以人生来便有原罪。原罪说的理论目的是要人们以赎罪一般的心情,去爱所有的生命去爱所有的人。所以,基督教中的原罪说与佛教中的生死轮回说一样,都是为了警示或诱导人们摒弃恶行,关爱生命。因此,从这个意义上讲,原罪说也是一种<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>权法<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>。因而只有<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>才是耶稣基督的根本教义。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN><B>三、克服原罪说的负面影响才能把人真正引向博爱</B>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN>原罪说可以使人产生对世界万物的负疚,从而最终把人引向博爱。这是原罪说的积极影响,也是其所要实现的真正价值。但是,原罪说同时也可能使人产生<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>反正有罪,无所谓多少<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>等消极的想法,而更加变本加厉肆无忌惮的去做违反<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>博爱<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>原则的事情。这当然是某些教徒的灰暗心理,但却无疑是一种客观存在的现实。身为基督教徒而没有爱心,甚而去作恶事的人,他们内心的深处便深藏着对<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说的这种曲解。所以,要实行耶稣基督倡导的博爱,就必须认真领会原罪说的真谛,必须彻底清除<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>原罪<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>说所产生的负面影响。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: STAT_ONCLICK_UNSUBMIT_CATALOG_RETURN"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">刘周先生的这种<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>新解<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>,被基督教正统神学评价为:对人类亏缺上帝荣耀的罪孽危害的范围、程度、广度和深度,缺乏全面深刻的认识;对于耶稣基督死而复活的伟大意义,缺乏足够了解;对于罪论和赎罪论的关系,则根本未予考虑,采取了机械的理解,没有认识到认罪是基督赎罪的效果,既然已被赎罪,就不可再犯罪;对于人类在宇宙间的定位,采纳了泛内在神论的立场,虽然认识到人类不是地球的主人,但没有认识到人类是上帝的管家。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> <BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084820474352.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200848204757435.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200848204925871.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084820500101.jpg"><BR><BR></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="DISPLAY: none; mso-hide: all"></SPAN><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break" clear=all><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P><BR><BR><BR> </P> <P><FONT color=#ff0000 size=6>接着发照片。</FONT></P><P><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821133255.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821210476.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821247224.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821315833.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821351656.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821452810.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821529695.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008482168312.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821653185.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821739962.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821814160.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821943293.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200848211014117.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200848211127703.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821124771.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200848211236431.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084821137286.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/200848211346380.jpg"><BR><BR><BR></P> <STRONG><FONT size=7>黑龙<FONT color=#0909f7>辛苦了</FONT></FONT></STRONG><BR> 原文由 白湖桥 发表: <STRONG><FONT size=7>黑龙<FONT color=#0909f7>辛苦了</FONT></FONT></STRONG><BR> <P><FONT color=#f70909 size=6>继续发照片.</FONT></P><P><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983617658.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983633307.jpg"><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983657952.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983711937.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983732282.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983755247.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983818624.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983841551.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008498398726.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084983942548.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/2008498405897.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084984027981.jpg"><BR><BR><BR><IMG src="/attachments/Upfiles/20084984046347.jpg"><BR><BR></P> 很长知识! <FONT size=6>介绍的很详细,学习了。</FONT> <FONT size=6>照片不错,但要压缩以后在发.</FONT> 原文由 海飞 发表: 很长知识!
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