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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) ) G1 a2 R) o% C) ^" g4 l. O2 _
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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2007年6月7日
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! n: d, c# [+ A阮一峰 译
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( L& G- Y: V$ t+ f! j) H2 W" \President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
2 J5 ?0 h4 q' \$ Oof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
) p1 B, r" B! m7 m" Eparents, and especially, the graduates:
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/ @% \: B6 h5 b0 y4 z- T尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 7 y, s$ \ \) K/ u; w
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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" k5 g6 J0 t0 I r8 n3 ]0 ?$ e; g- R3 B6 q( vI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
8 }4 w) n2 d1 l% v5 J9 L x: Q" Vcome back and get my degree."
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* L& }+ j" h6 L: K; F! C1 p3 l: w有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
/ U2 P; h5 z3 q4 n0 _+ ?学位的!”
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8 i9 o% C! m. i4 G8 pI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
( f5 L. j) Q6 i7 far … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. ) m, k9 t5 X7 Z8 |9 e
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 + C0 g" |8 ]' g! M
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
2 G P, s! z! U3 c. m" Pees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos 0 d5 Q- U+ m" e: H1 G% E
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
4 Q+ d7 b( k$ Y+ Ylass … I did the best of everyone who failed. 1 X( h$ ]4 D" T
' e( N5 A F3 o5 U. ^我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ V: K8 i, `) a6 y( d
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 : Y1 U) E! ?8 w) i
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out 6 e6 t( \' M+ K" D5 c
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
. `3 h$ ]. y* }3 a# Z- {, P( Vyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 2 L' Z- S& h) p U, x( @
re today.
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2 a% q9 o6 G( y* ` T& b* f0 i9 w但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
& D8 U+ H p6 \/ M* N9 K。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
5 D" U/ S6 a6 D* A0 G: M [。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
! O* k: {; r8 Z$ s吧。 ! O8 ?3 ]% I' W- R5 `, v
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
9 u) [# }& g9 _7 H5 E+ K: T3 ^. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
! k8 z" F! }2 \% w& O. zfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always " j0 E0 e2 H( Z1 H& g+ L7 i8 M( p
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo H( U0 P; l2 v. i
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 2 |/ a9 y. l+ |/ k0 W. ]
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
# w; q: s5 T1 R: R% ^* ^# Bdating our rejection of all those social people. + d! @1 e* O m+ q( W
7 Q5 ? j' N/ E/ j; @( U对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
" @3 Y: m+ D% r& ?8 o$ t% |6 G. e课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
4 F/ I, G8 Y6 N6 @5 W* g5 U. T! ?多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 # Q" d7 B* L8 N- n8 C7 L
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 ) n$ Z3 z5 Z$ Z/ d
的姿态。
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: B# O0 T9 ~/ H6 ~1 zRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
% ~. c9 @6 ~3 {of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
5 f \2 a1 O* a# H$ Y, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi l3 m, S1 ^6 W4 i* @0 v9 o
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. $ }$ g$ U H: G7 D9 {
& G3 r% l$ U$ P1 F. FRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 9 v5 _/ p. p0 Z o
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 2 m. q4 X/ w- Z% y+ @- c
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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' [4 q* P) z+ M" F" vOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call 7 W% l- t) k6 k7 C; E! U: y8 x
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
, ?. H1 \0 I7 [ id's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. $ d$ T' Z* A3 S% i5 q! _
2 \! u, c! I' W: M我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
* Y6 t- Y* f% \3 T9 e) B的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
6 |3 x T# t8 C' j8 `+ x3 \他们出售软件。
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/ Y# V) M' g4 o! GI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
! j& n& U* e' E2 D# n: t8 h$ In me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
: W' e) y! q" K8 |h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
! n0 Y+ J! x* Tnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the * \+ H( o% G4 o! y7 K
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
* R; P* t" m( Q& U# z- hcrosoft. ( Z ]: i% V/ ?. [; `2 m
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 , z1 |. z- G# ^6 C4 w
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 * r; n. \6 @' n x) O8 Q1 C
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
. ^. a# P: Y! Z7 |) k, k' Y生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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1 \" w3 S$ h& @3 N2 _What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
8 f; N3 [4 I0 E3 f* Jgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
6 d1 ` k* H- x- W' sscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 8 l4 a/ c1 B4 j2 W+ @) ^2 r
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made . M, p/ ^& i* U
, and the ideas I worked on. 6 L7 b( X. b( V) c7 J
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
4 P' ~ u1 [! p' [7 V! F也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
" J( b$ g2 T. e- V' D人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
m' W, T; f3 q F7 N1 W8 f3 Y里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 % b( @$ E' \% Z5 s
1 l. n. L4 P$ B6 w& yBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 8 M1 A! y3 F- F4 m
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 ! i% [- |. v, C
2 M: q1 [! Q$ U# B2 yI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
6 ? i+ K8 V' Y) ^$ m9 ?the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn % r+ ~2 d2 K4 d, Z5 K1 @; v
millions of people to lives of despair.
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/ O# N) r; X0 v3 [: Y5 r" Y我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 6 h* G6 ~/ _' z4 f8 _
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
$ E: w/ H7 r. }) T B+ Z4 wot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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7 m* |# A( I4 m9 D5 c' Q我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
+ U, T: j) w3 w3 m! @e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron * {& J+ b3 w5 `- i8 {
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu , Q8 ]: i5 c$ u8 i. \ T
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. $ J* W% t2 _7 H- G, y( ]; {* q/ g
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 + m$ c% g3 k2 z3 ~/ A
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
5 _, V; V1 w, @1 p" y泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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4 G) T: T, x$ O: L8 v+ OI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of / _7 l4 n6 M- ~; O U K
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
" A# p0 e! o+ p1 S8 fmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 2 x( ~8 L' E) Z, o
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 + r. z) c* l, _- ~2 ~
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 ' O' C T! N6 B7 \' g5 g# G
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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+ A8 C+ s: q, z+ E3 AYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
. j0 T( N$ {0 n+ Y) R& q$ Hld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
$ H0 H, m. }0 p0 oyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
T, w, F7 t- y% w3 i1 jgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
7 w1 n( ]: W2 W$ H' G世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 7 f; L* J) ]9 G6 ?
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
7 {$ ~1 D8 c/ [! R& g7 l个问题。 ) Y, \& s, v: m+ d7 F
% `* d. Q; g! ]4 L! f! ZImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
\0 I( n1 X# P: J0 T, D' s, Y7 ea few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim + x+ l, ]: @. d- {! G1 N
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
; X' U/ O% O) o2 n" V2 t( sves. Where would you spend it? 1 P0 d! M4 @: A+ I4 i W" p, |, W& Q
& { R! l2 h+ Q+ j为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
, z' t. n& W$ D" b$ k! A钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
2 `8 X) o7 ?; s& h$ S. h! [) v你会选择什么地方? + X% a# B2 L; p
* a3 a( | c# B- O bFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
5 G5 z0 m G/ E' _3 g; [3 Z j% pfor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 & C' k: W Z# _
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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( z/ o, [# h& d2 z" YDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
: O: ?' n2 d9 U6 |6 Ghe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
: {1 w( O1 n3 a% vses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
3 c; Y9 t. X2 G. E$ n, Y. imonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
4 v: `' K. H- O2 | U7 i! qirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United * r7 l8 t2 F% C, L6 ?& l
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 1 r5 ?0 M! n0 s3 d
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 : k+ ?8 g: f6 Y- l" D, k
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
# E+ |$ P9 {: w0 C$ W亡病例也没有。 * [- y4 L3 \. j( u: Q# H7 z
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
9 B: g& ^ C& J' [ z9 n' ~( Qnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
: U+ U4 J9 b* m% V5 n+ tiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer y' G3 [* @2 W" b- ~
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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+ F3 B; S; A# s7 h3 C7 x! t我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, 5 _1 n$ R. K% t! w8 t
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 9 S6 j% P# n$ P4 l+ }
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 9 B9 A4 t% i- H
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 3 b" E! h# b7 F7 O3 m! ]
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
+ W# T8 e, b5 s( t6 U! l+ R8 \4 q# [This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
# A, s! L7 y) |& l; X! Z( Yiving." ( w w+ ?, q" q) L# [0 V4 |
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
7 d- F, m l/ V4 q! N1 d了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
5 B/ [1 P% J, G/ Q$ }0 a是我们努力的头等大事。” ( U4 b: \+ t$ R6 s& W+ b: _
7 P4 m- @3 P3 eSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho . w6 @0 J& [. ?5 }2 ~0 o
w could the world let these children die?" * e' `' N6 ?6 o; k
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
7 D& Z% Y( X( Q) J1 W s( A v" C这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 2 Q+ S( |$ T0 A. x) k
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be / I9 R. x- ^" q8 B* V; ?9 ~
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
3 A6 x* a7 b* min the system. ! B" L% z; c5 h+ I, A
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
3 Y$ e- y$ V7 R会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 . w. J- M" X$ z! d& a" a! b
有能力发出声音。
9 k7 t* l( y. P3 q. F6 Q) {& z/ `- G9 f3 [ v+ R! M1 K& H
But you and I have both. * r# e5 w0 K* I0 ?3 T6 N c- t
J8 S' J2 Q; S q' d- M" l但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 8 _2 o; }* F$ G; k/ t3 Q
4 U5 B: i2 E$ ]! b$ ~: h
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
9 d- L" e# D6 L, Beative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
" @4 V; t& W* G$ ppeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
8 t2 _: m- D; n0 q6 n' H; i% wuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 4 N3 d- C1 Q; O1 B2 v2 G1 X
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo * v4 w6 S. q7 I$ T
ple who pay the taxes. 3 Q ]; B1 J' j3 f& \: y) U4 u
( i/ a; G+ Z6 Z我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 : B/ K8 {; J: h/ D6 @9 I& p2 Y
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 # g- J; z+ ~' [6 `2 `3 S) c
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
( y" {: p* G- z$ ?压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 9 ?/ J2 o2 |% t1 ]0 [
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
a9 z: B0 |; D+ w$ t4 N( d# We profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 6 G0 l0 t2 a6 B2 d, t
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
4 z. _/ e4 g/ \( U8 L% Tr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the 9 Y$ @* M+ m r% G; g: V+ Y# v
world. 7 ^4 x* [4 _4 z7 e& X p9 i* Z h
% f* G( f5 `% R4 K0 b& l: [
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
0 s0 }+ m7 c! n8 e# E/ c: e) v来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 4 _5 \/ n2 O) @2 s; s
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 2 E) C& }3 A3 \& g3 K
) ^( \1 U1 h# r P
5 `4 z+ v0 H$ X) c6 L2 m
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
& K5 f: i j6 z* Bno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
6 @9 G& F! i( b# L% X& n. S3 xe with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely # N8 o8 P7 y1 q. d* s$ z( j% b
disagree.
0 ?& H5 {2 Q1 N, o6 |2 M; [/ d
; M- U9 i6 W9 C在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 7 g) T W( k3 T
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
: J8 D4 w1 y5 j _个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
8 L3 h. I+ L4 z# O5 K: V2 |% L- j: l' e5 {7 U
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
& [8 l T1 m0 Y3 Z v0 |) o8 @- D$ V: t
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
" \: H4 E7 ~# E/ g/ N8 s2 o4 i3 ]& [4 U( T- Y' o9 I0 r
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
/ ~! n" L+ g2 z$ p7 }that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, 9 P1 Z: N9 r J6 ?
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 9 q5 g/ P- a# t, X/ j. g( h
ave acted.
( a$ ^ s$ i W$ y+ O0 N9 T7 ?- w" g4 Z7 M& n( ^7 }( I) a- Z- f4 n! f( j
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 1 I5 Y6 n! |2 m$ q' C" I# t m
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 & J4 G, U0 T! t
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ' n2 g: E e! E
! V* h5 u7 L- ?3 r6 [. F3 i2 o' [# y
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 5 R7 M( k+ q: E* G
. F# ^+ W# D [改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
4 x K7 h! z, e* L$ J! a2 n8 E2 | o5 S" `% l, y
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
8 W X0 k2 Z J8 T! dthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. , i: u h6 |! J% D/ G: l
# @8 T' x' ?, p. }: ^* H
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
. t* ?( o8 L; h j的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 , K, h3 c" A/ `" q! v( \
8 \0 B5 l% s+ s9 Q; a6 |! @Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
8 E' T" L, A: ^: b8 e/ o. l7 l1 |nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 8 f9 U+ v' a8 J- A" `7 y
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
4 B! V$ |8 G9 F- c6 _ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. 8 e' @/ m& ]2 @
) L% Q' q6 Z5 N3 m M4 x5 r
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 : U7 Y8 K8 o) W5 e( C9 M
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
; y1 y' C. B+ J再次发生类似事故。
. a6 t$ g1 `. W q+ d$ j7 s
1 I4 A h1 g1 H/ t, D3 Y$ F( PBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
, c7 K) R7 Q1 @# G4 s! K- nin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o 6 n, v* c. n6 T7 c2 C
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
: T/ I5 }8 M+ O) Nthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
$ [; z" H9 I* q# P) {" O- X; ^; S) Y {2 O4 S: ^8 c# s
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
; g- b, r2 T' K$ Y2 `& V2 w6 \) D之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
8 e3 j& `* M9 k5 N0 o2 ~8 u) p。” ' X, X- z; q5 ~0 K1 j* V
# X7 p8 X& _7 z' U% K
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea & ?9 X! S& X& Z; P$ i& G2 v
ths.
- R8 E, D+ A2 g. W0 h& ~" p9 [- V2 Y6 ]9 s7 i( _
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 - E. E% X/ U1 n; U& o6 D
) J4 p* i8 B% a+ mWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
% P4 E Z2 G `( ^ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
; M5 q: M' {4 x' I2 H+ ]: Ieasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult " \' A8 u+ z: T0 G6 `# T9 n6 F$ o
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 8 Q6 |# Y+ ?& J b/ j9 s, J
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
- X8 C; q. }- i' ?, ?% U4 d% \
4 O7 K/ P; E( T @( Y我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 4 ~9 Y8 C R& t9 p, p, ?
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 2 k; O! N7 b+ S, S
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, $ L! ]$ A# k0 z9 j5 O9 y
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 , b0 @& O7 V. g( B X. z" ]
' P7 }( f3 x- M, V3 f% P, V' E
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second C2 g/ i+ T5 P4 t) G# w0 U
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
6 v( q' g s( A U/ D3 d Z4 C" D" w: A( k5 Z
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
/ n8 V/ X' V" k7 m1 c0 ^. G的事件中找到解决办法。
4 m: n( ]& K$ z: }3 I3 |4 F3 e( u) h8 I P
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w , W5 Y4 E3 X- k- }8 A
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho 3 K! @. X ]9 K1 h" B
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th 8 L: g3 K3 f5 L: Q
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o ; C' S( w* @' z0 Q$ G
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 4 n% o: e0 g6 y3 u; @( f& |$ b- Y
matter.
6 O- f. p, m; i" [6 C5 [$ z) v" a0 o+ ^% J
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
- C# g7 k. {% Y9 d8 c; M答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
* {% C9 c) ] _9 J ]3 q/ _。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 6 H3 ^. ]( p0 l$ ~5 t
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 1 n* f: ~; \2 D* T9 a9 b& F
实际效果。 8 X; w5 M, G+ Y5 w; P1 R7 w0 Y& g. U; z
8 {' N9 x# Q6 |6 S! Z N. M
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
3 u# j! {/ j' K$ h' ^" Cages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
. g( }( @5 H! f1 rtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat + e8 h+ m3 c8 N7 P8 m
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti 7 f: b4 J, j+ ]4 k' H8 d6 z; K( D
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ) g' p. x3 Z- J) {& y1 K+ _
$ y* q9 \ O9 q, u, x4 A; O从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
4 H# d! W5 f5 k" j发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 9 J( ?+ i3 k8 t, U' T# N6 ^
是最简单的蚊帐。 ! m7 b$ p; Y+ R; Y% S
3 ]! s5 A9 b, J, L% u! N
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the % H% s" ]# E: y/ X
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
+ z+ |1 o) R4 _1 H5 T" Yld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government ' U9 h; M0 r. f- _
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 1 S$ y6 w6 W1 K3 T3 C7 G
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
, |9 T: L0 x. Iwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
' o5 v3 v1 Z- j0 Rople to avoid risky behavior. 8 r& k$ d: G% X$ M
% t0 J, U" z$ u艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 $ U6 `' h: F* m4 I& h' n& T
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 ; q( \ U" s) L. _ S9 W# @8 }
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
4 n2 T' R2 b6 O时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 r6 c1 F: i4 U4 ~
为。 - [; K9 ^2 O) b4 i& C
/ w4 m$ T5 ^: B7 S. I$ FPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The " A+ Z# O* \" ?, k6 m' U E
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
h9 A! o' z( a* F8 _d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t / a* m% [/ r7 T o- t. Q0 B
o complexity and quit. 0 o9 T1 S$ e) l! e, l! O& V
( }8 Y7 i. W3 t0 Q3 G+ c# u% e: c K要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 % l: y' [9 F) W+ N9 C' T
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
- Y0 v0 o9 V% D* U0 P T: o为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
4 w2 z3 j2 k- ^( X1 R3 Z! C) N7 |/ p8 k0 w. [# s* O" ~. \3 Z, b3 {
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
3 n0 z& X; U' t& \5 Xasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot / T+ h6 p0 d& C0 s, M$ a/ A+ k9 E' w
hers learn from your efforts.
' p7 h5 I* {; P# _( V) W% q1 ~$ ]' P* J' f! f3 j9 b3 L7 y5 P& e3 }# L
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 0 s, V, ~; B N, W/ W5 M
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 ) T9 j, K! g# A- K5 X* K" B
! t8 j* s1 _. [) j% V t8 ~
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
- o, `/ Q" E C+ X) }* B4 Mprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
& z4 j) D2 ~0 S, C( q3 M" q" @- X* h$ Idecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
2 E5 M R# e( v6 r6 _not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
: y( C5 u) e" C3 n( Kusiness and government.
. H" R0 Q$ Y0 i4 A- \4 E& U4 I' h+ X$ S% I% C e
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
' d+ W6 m' K3 f0 h+ U2 ?' q。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
+ \8 L6 A! l0 I+ }) v1 @项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
0 O+ s B! o1 o4 w1 E% B0 k0 X! d) h$ d8 d: m6 M8 C/ v4 Z
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n / Y1 r( l, a, `3 Z6 G+ k- e. i
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
( d( B6 M6 D i2 A; [+ M1 m( S3 gwhat saving a life means to the families affected. ! r; D V( u3 _5 x+ A
$ l. a# c# N2 n0 ~4 s& S# f
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
* Y' _- a* T. U e你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 5 b3 ~" z* P E( f3 u B! D
的家庭到底意味着什么。
$ |, H6 u! u( S! |! W6 S' r: H# p' B- k) n3 V" a
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 4 t8 P5 K. U' v" L, v
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
' D' I/ h8 B- ]+ a M) u3 Q. r3 a, ~rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 1 I6 I/ s& w5 f6 i
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c 9 E0 ]; j: @, t! Y
ouldn't bear it.
' g4 b u2 g4 k. g z$ [5 i# s$ X
: i8 P( R9 Y8 T5 `几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
9 c# E7 \9 I1 P8 Z% J条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 ! N- w* b: o2 S* h
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
8 k% c. Y- n7 c. f我无法强迫自己听下去。 3 o* i9 S* a% r1 o. D/ d H# a. P
; H- R' N+ c8 K1 k4 K. Y1 \8 c; Y
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an % ?" v& o' j- g; D7 r8 Q$ b
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 5 g" D0 |; \- @2 S# v4 V
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
& n. h i/ i8 @+ T4 mabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
5 K- I- a# d' ~# D/ Fives?
1 ^0 F( f9 u7 k1 n
?0 j- A1 ~5 Z/ [那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 9 j* L$ Q2 h- [! A( x
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
' k, K- V1 H: S让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? ; B( L' J" W& m* Z1 G- Z. \1 C
7 g1 U/ V' t) D% Y4 iYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. ' |% p7 Z$ v2 u7 ]$ X
And how you do that – is a complex question.
2 j0 ^# t1 [0 u
/ b9 R/ C& E z+ n除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 - [- h- L7 ^; i+ ]% {
点,并不是一件简单的事。
# M* q1 Q8 D. Q# \" d7 `& f8 `6 ]1 q' o5 P8 d
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too ! P8 y2 q- t$ o- v6 I3 i2 }
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
3 E; l. w( i/ P. gew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 8 O$ ^) u4 @0 G' F7 e8 e
e can be different from the past.
. G6 Y+ Q; t F5 _
2 q, a2 t1 ~% G& l O9 h1 d同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 7 D4 b: |1 w W8 Y
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
+ F7 a' \4 u2 U的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 ( T1 B% k% D, R! a z9 W6 U
8 {) |- T8 o! Q9 r' s: d* fThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
8 z/ ?$ N+ }( w6 P/ m9 b+ b7 @r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
5 I( ~3 L. ^, W& Z; H8 R; Hrty and end death from preventable disease.
: _8 Y' B# X' P# R# l& i
: S7 {# _, j- i3 Q- N+ Q3 C这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
; v* w1 i) [4 U+ T- m一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 ) l( D" }5 e! n' \# o$ ?' \; q
* P+ L4 ^! M. l4 a) g2 x/ ?
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
; V# w0 f4 u2 _n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i & H+ m# E& }7 O/ T$ Y
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
! V" U) i- d; W: [0 p, l7 fcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
) `8 X6 A9 i$ x: lor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is " v$ f/ ^9 g5 [; R
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 8 _7 Q, T. N" M/ } J+ \
f the situation." ! q0 e% e! Z- }( V9 f! @3 C
# V3 [# u3 l8 O8 `# h" B六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
( g B- ^) H; q国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 ) S8 B( j0 W1 {6 J ]- z$ f
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
s7 d2 r4 h; U! i层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
$ z/ B& w: ]! ~2 v [
: w! O& J K+ m0 \* X$ s; I; aThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me " r& t: e3 m& i! m, g. f
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
$ h+ _$ @# |# X5 F; N2 sisible, less distant.
- G" z$ l$ [ T4 q4 G9 K+ l3 e. h8 m$ F+ e- q7 v
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
; M4 W( w7 I$ ^( [: d6 x9 \* w刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
: O9 }: z" Q1 `3 t" D/ v# {! A
- n: I$ G7 I2 L: Z4 C2 aThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 7 I; {% k- g" y0 H3 k
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. # F! \8 e0 A2 V5 a. u' G3 U* e7 k
$ E/ n* l9 H: e/ \/ L3 f6 I+ d
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
! o/ d8 }: I* h. {, h大的机会。
- W D0 j$ |- h4 O
8 `9 K( g- w$ R3 oThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an " N5 i2 e& b0 G$ j7 O
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
1 K( m" V: m, b, n0 V: r. w/ Hrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc ' w6 o) p: v- L$ G" E
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
1 @+ u2 J" [$ Q: \1 K7 P5 J) }) O+ S" x7 `+ i9 `
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
' l9 C5 ^$ P( s1 Z9 U7 |' t7 `共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
) S# }. p# h+ f1 z8 i$ K8 x7 f大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 6 K6 B' d: S) l+ E7 }
# c: l. |* @9 U- rAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
, f! R0 y1 L6 B( K) ~# P: fogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
# e9 }! K. ]" Tscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w " m4 M. Y6 ~! d
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t , R' [9 Q7 o- y9 y; r( C5 }
o the world. % ]1 q" z- @% g5 N
$ x/ X, h: w$ z' ]; r与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 7 h2 K7 V7 K8 j
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 0 K, U) Y7 K6 v4 ~
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 / U Z' _ V& V$ G0 b- B
, ^' }% J5 a8 Z" EWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because + D& H. ?! E. B* m( s: m+ p
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one & N4 F% p& u+ n0 {3 }
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
% m m7 D( M( ~) d# U6 _or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to - p! Z6 @+ E: ], Z1 }2 {$ u% x8 H
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
/ m( E4 g3 M, y6 G( ess the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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6 z5 {# @. F' x
$ K7 v$ u- u+ f* R8 h我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
3 e" O; t$ J# ?: Y类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
$ n$ l+ [' L: ^3 p* Z2 i( Z机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 * i% X; R5 B/ G+ X# v
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 1 U/ a7 s" M/ ~/ K4 ^
9 b; ?3 ~( q; |. p9 B h: |
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection # x$ A ]. i; n; }. o
s of intellectual talent in the world. : s* \& q" I; d
+ @, y. P1 G* [ R; [* |7 k
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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# g1 f, x, D f0 d% GWhat for? , q6 ?/ Y) a, H: w! B
. ]" f. z/ ?0 y& y8 f& N我们可以做些什么?
' l) G( {9 d* D4 S" F; `% ~
* c; Y4 C3 }1 [) k" @7 rThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef 5 E4 m: v, o2 r9 @* I) P
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
. q) F2 {8 T, M6 q& Q- R) \, {) wd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
, p# q& c3 g! g0 y n3 Iimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? 1 w1 |2 _' f0 E" E2 K
4 c! m% L- E, G- W" b4 i毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 , J" \ @) P0 k7 ]+ X
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 / {# d/ G. e" h$ ?8 I ~
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? $ H8 f2 R3 O/ q8 e: J! Q
0 s: d/ g: Y5 B' H1 S) N1 U
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead 9 V. R( z! ], S0 S
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
+ P5 \) X; k; }" `: U7 e; `8 R# ? pand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: * Z6 K7 h" M j) _
& b7 Q) h- y' x) J
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
6 ?0 a$ q" v, q老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
/ i [% N2 q8 k- U& \/ }
4 Y5 n$ _$ G: u6 W! b8 c' r, n1 }
5 `9 a# @3 Y# l$ g) n4 FShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? * u! A9 u! r+ \1 |& A: d6 u
% H. U6 J$ t) [) p4 T8 [% L j
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? $ ^, o7 X1 b0 T( g: L6 T8 k/ p
1 k' x$ o0 C- w9 {! q6 ZShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? . c4 n' t, p/ Y; j, H" v e6 `
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
& I) q/ }2 {! Q g! S& x% ^nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch + o. O" F" r( T0 j4 ~
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
0 g& g0 s5 c" [! j" ], G* ]5 Y/ S
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
J3 K: `$ x9 P0 R端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… + }! c9 j) X4 g& L: Y1 B
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
& s9 m2 K8 J J# J- {" `% f0 `1 j. V% \
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
! D5 e% m, Q, l8 S* O: i$ Kleast privileged?
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2 G# i* p8 s2 I2 K. @* A那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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' N) G+ z2 O" `2 H# _These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
0 ?; c- W0 `! o- P' Q; F$ u" y9 i/ ]1 f9 v. C* u3 y1 _ o
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 4 p& X( `$ F1 ~% u- K1 j/ J8 ?- Z
' ~* F9 k. D2 W) b- B u
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
" |3 K, v* }! A }. _* ~7 Q; T; ^ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste + @, A/ V$ b, a% v# w- k- @" O
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
2 h9 j+ Y6 y* b, Zwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s 9 F% C' v8 I1 p. G; X4 M- i
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
1 J4 ~4 R/ v& C& f, Qshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
! `) p5 U7 L$ p4 y& y' I: m1 s* T: `) s( W4 t1 X
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
9 k; A* q6 d0 z! v0 D: f& r他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ' s7 J. L/ Q) ]- h9 P3 \
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 % Z+ X3 `# f7 ^0 {- Y5 U( t8 ?
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
2 ]3 `- T9 ?0 E! ?“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 * b) {/ \7 f4 ^6 L* d
的期望也就越大。”
' K! n9 `, O" a9 B; f4 o+ l1 H6 D$ u! C% \8 F+ k
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
8 G9 d) T) E' ]4 c; A0 @6 Nent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 0 p# s9 @/ _. I+ X
has a right to expect from us. / ^& S1 c( f+ B% ~2 j2 @9 h
. i7 z. B% R$ N: x) O7 ?$ O! ~想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
" T& E* l0 n( e: O' N以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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$ m0 a) B& l6 SIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 6 N) C2 e, S: p6 Y7 L
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
0 H( A: H) N( f' n( Lecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
; _! b$ n& \( ]" e" Jnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
- I( v" @( E, i% `% iek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others . v. r4 D6 g0 ~+ Y
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. . C/ |; i7 v, u# f- J8 ?5 ]
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 , E" H. B9 d! F* p+ f
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
3 I+ h$ z: x3 ]5 G* e专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
4 T5 V2 L1 w0 T" u& Z8 z你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
& P8 @" I# \ I找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 8 H. I% R0 H. n! d& ^/ I3 t
7 i' H) ^# V9 e9 |% D
Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi % I/ B$ k3 f" u( ~2 x$ ?" [: v
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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3 t8 P7 _2 b. i- V! J: Y r不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
7 o" I7 V$ y0 r# i己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you ( z, N# i6 P; s4 Q; \' Y8 L* T# ^6 E
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
/ h3 a3 d. e4 m( c1 s( ]' f- Ial inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h " U$ w: j2 s7 w1 e( S/ U- ^
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 5 |6 A8 @: f4 O- f( K6 ?/ M
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had ! w8 ?; U4 n- d9 S
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 4 O( Y" R8 @& t: J. x
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 8 x6 [; _1 l+ ]# e+ ~% `: e
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 ; q& i; {7 S7 d8 r
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 & f6 \/ s$ K$ f
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 " N' t/ P8 q/ R3 y9 w/ ?
/ ~7 R8 j9 g) ^% ^Knowing what you know, how could you not?
" Y- f6 h r" G8 J7 T( ^# i% y5 R9 B& v+ N& s" z3 ]! u
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
) O1 D: J2 v+ W- f; h7 U6 n! d5 B' k8 P0 Q* M
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on 3 g* ~' n6 p% C0 k
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 8 [8 [' P( p( {6 L3 q* [
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well F" k% q6 a/ T8 x% ?
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p ; L- H8 @+ Z2 g& q% R8 ?
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ' [1 w, l! o, P0 I! b0 {
* s4 ?, ^! k" J; }- t0 D1 |我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 ; U& C6 k. V* W+ Y+ ?
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
& S4 h0 g# X+ I2 d' Z变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
9 C' I6 r4 d2 G/ f不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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