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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
# N2 I) }2 L7 v& R2 f比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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. {1 X2 Y/ K0 T% Q, K! L) m2007年6月7日
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7 s5 M9 e# F% q$ J% m3 q! Q; c阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
8 o1 Z6 I2 b) d# ]2 _of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, / z# s. L' H: `- ]) K
parents, and especially, the graduates: " ]0 D7 ?) e( p. |6 o
! M8 S l* p O# s7 R0 x8 N: P尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 * m# d1 Q3 w' B) W7 z/ q" E- G
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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: q- x$ l. F- l- P3 z. H3 ~; cI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
& n5 R" O/ p1 ^come back and get my degree." - n0 o, y1 {1 S& B" q' I4 f
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
5 K1 v& V9 {5 L0 |0 _+ s9 }学位的!” " H) N. h" @9 l) E; @4 X
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye ' [' w# ~+ c& C& y/ i; F: F
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 0 X8 j" ?4 d& J2 v
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
' u: M$ X1 k1 W$ u" t1 B退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 " L B H( F" Z, e( {* ^
* F& U3 t7 Y/ P7 iI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
6 c. ?7 `! P& _" H% aees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos + F+ }! Y0 O3 M+ P! h
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
}" H/ I! c, F' Plass … I did the best of everyone who failed. / M. q* U y. G3 v7 a1 L
) M4 W! E/ Y* F% O) J我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 1 B! a* t: Y) Y" O5 V" T
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
+ [$ O E& |; V7 x所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out + W# R) A: h6 h0 ^/ r* P4 D6 F; V/ c
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 8 W: Q6 Z( s7 J! v' N
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 6 N4 g1 ^" ?9 e$ M
re today. 9 T# l( c( P9 b$ Y! O& @& T/ b
6 Z: f p7 C" r0 D但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
" D0 S" r/ p7 G' `1 z7 n。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
% H2 B% K: A2 u' m! p。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 ( q, b; l0 w! q* X! v
吧。 $ V# M: L: H$ m: W
* P& O3 m* c- o0 @3 D- AHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating ' a9 F2 P7 d t8 ~+ q. M. e/ c
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 5 V$ h; c3 x7 _, Q1 e- I# Z2 R) p
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
0 ^ q U; F0 [4 Z8 ]. wlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo / w0 F2 d! U% `) O; P/ ~2 ?7 h
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b ' O5 Y" h( G) u* @2 h0 q
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
( Y6 ^/ D: q+ W0 u J# u1 Idating our rejection of all those social people. & v; M7 U: ?- ?
7 c; o7 d- C/ N& y X" R: `6 R/ D$ L- ~对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
3 j& r3 B- ?6 C1 W% Z* f! P3 X$ N. k; i课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
6 O4 G. Y: D$ J$ M2 u( W多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
4 s5 L% R8 Z( U. d& J, @3 c我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
" z! G. V1 g+ g的姿态。
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( ^2 x$ `, X1 }" S( \Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 5 n }1 y( g3 w4 {7 Z9 ]# ~
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
' s6 f, R2 z: {% O4 u* m/ y, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
. O( C" H! f; m' X5 ang your odds doesn't guarantee success. 5 t/ n: c* L* Q9 C: y) S5 h
% u ], C( V' K( f. b8 V6 URadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
" w9 y' k- H6 _! `8 n9 i! t7 X种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
. [9 E2 b( D' {5 ]& s f/ ~/ V人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
. @* o* S' z( S% F' P) d2 d: m# Kfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl 8 C) U$ y5 s4 ?' h0 ?
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ' o0 x' p1 s4 Z G, U
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
! F* a" S, c8 I8 y的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 4 ^' K& p. Y! F8 j. _5 c
他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 0 [7 j" O# w1 g7 {' ^
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
9 c/ C4 j! A3 |2 G% Ih was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
6 b" ?0 _: @! s) H X! ent, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
' H+ x& W6 n Q& }* f; s2 }end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi $ [8 ~3 P! u" V; B/ D* |$ g6 `
crosoft. z4 K" L8 v" o
* U+ P9 k Q4 w9 R/ B我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 - e$ l+ }9 x8 w6 q8 P) U; H& O
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 ) q E: f/ C: V }8 B v
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 ! V% J9 e! M, l8 v
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 5 D. ]- n. X# ?9 m2 x# F2 r8 X
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener 1 m% S+ Y* c8 e
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di ) c* X4 g# R- o5 @& [: X- J* U
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
' o. ~4 j0 ]( i6 bI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
) B) U' a! b: _, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, : C# }+ d1 o0 y; b- R; s
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
0 `( X5 s* e; P, D8 M0 b8 K人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 % S- s+ X4 `% v* z/ }
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 3 p$ v% r0 U0 ~9 m4 g9 N6 ?- M
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 5 S; v2 D* C3 g1 }" L! r' m' X) G
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 1 T, @; V5 y) P L" j
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 6 z" m0 b, w3 M% N* @2 r8 C! s0 N
millions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 8 U. f% o5 }, X% R6 E: y% C$ }* K
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ) Y$ }% s: Y1 [( h( p
) `% b% X, @: ^) j6 A1 x/ v* S" KI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g ) Q' L5 D: |& D, Z4 M
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. " x! P+ ~ U3 H$ t
( l6 _4 E! q: g4 r我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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3 M ~. Q5 \0 x f, y( KBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
+ b9 s, l6 T% Q4 P8 c5 m9 {- oe discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
. m- O: ~1 Y2 K0 Sg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 2 a: u2 U' N* c. \$ w
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. 6 C) H" `$ P! L5 [
4 n% r- l- Z9 e6 S4 i6 l但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 " g" Q& k; V' s/ U; ?
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 % M" {) h, U% w/ F
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 $ `5 K/ y/ T, L$ L q( v! X
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
0 ?3 u5 f Q( F) }6 ceducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
l* [4 L+ r3 q( d! r+ P$ Xmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 1 n! c! [( O* C7 G3 \8 p3 W. a6 x) |
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 ) \* Z# X& W8 ?6 t8 e# ?7 r
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 / x$ m' s) ]1 t
0 J2 r; Y3 R- v6 s1 w! j: rIt took me decades to find out. : W7 k( r1 {- }6 \* q6 G- ^6 M, K
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
( ^' l( _7 q% P ?: S. |# wld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
& R- p4 X% _1 f* f# lyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
S, Z3 m5 k2 o5 B7 e0 W3 ^gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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% N" n& ~7 s, E在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 9 o3 c7 ?, i( H9 F+ A" V
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 * Z O& ?% I" V0 Y* a" }
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 , s4 Q, P9 h7 t$ M3 \, v
个问题。 7 S& U8 V# m: y* q8 w; _# J: c
& _' U9 C6 X8 T NImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
& \0 R2 h. s$ y; e/ ], Ba few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
& v7 O @1 V* Z5 Q4 t9 Q3 ue and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 4 i8 L2 ]7 i( W1 O' C4 c; i
ves. Where would you spend it? 1 w1 d2 A( k$ \8 o# W b
6 a* m9 H; o. v7 Q; o( S为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
: G. |/ e" V. y) w T+ b( \钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
1 n o7 l' R; E# L" f% `* q! I你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
u6 e& Z* b9 Yfor the greatest number with the resources we have. ! Y! B6 s& r; y- t. e% r0 N
/ t4 q. I; ]" |对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 3 T7 v' K4 {" Q& o
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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9 v) D( f% `! Z) }1 ?* }. NDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t * \/ e, y1 H+ t
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 3 I1 ^' @7 M8 \4 L% Q' c
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu : M. y; a% D3 N3 L: ?
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
; O, h+ H5 l$ m* Virus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
5 d7 ]$ F* c$ v" m- n儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
) X+ d4 }' k3 y0 v6 t一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
% |* v$ A) f8 I$ u" h亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
1 q$ o" H* c+ U# P: und they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
. }# d2 F% }: `, n& a& tiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer }. o2 i* v1 Z
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, 8 h- \$ g- B: i0 F9 L% ^7 h
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
1 `: M6 H+ P) M% A元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 ) |- L* R" V# d. [5 L
6 U/ w* I$ H& ]- G- J9 p7 P+ P1 SIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s , Z, j" F1 S8 G" l5 W3 N& _9 K
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
" r& F \# Q+ o. z3 ?This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g . }+ [% \- B2 h
iving."
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: p& ^. F1 Z3 @4 o6 z" t" i8 a- T如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
* O9 D, W# K8 b2 n2 |: m了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
8 ?# Q) V8 O- [4 _是我们努力的头等大事。” ' f3 R* u9 i" r2 m& B& |! I% j
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho / A1 S- }5 n0 ]9 S
w could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
1 {, M; J0 h% h1 H5 z" V5 x这些孩子死去?” " {1 ^. k6 C3 c/ A1 b) h6 Q' G
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
: y) U8 `3 N5 H, gthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be # T( s _) p( X# `; @
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
' G5 k+ c ]. a; Y7 bin the system. ; k9 f: ~% w1 z! S
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
1 G4 G7 o* ~1 M6 q+ b会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
8 r2 Y) ]+ d7 r有能力发出声音。 6 ?* y/ _ Q1 S' y
( p, W0 u* v( U1 fBut you and I have both. $ V8 c, A1 h: u, f! h" S/ ^
' N" {+ s7 R( d( a. K但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 W {: |) A% V( D. O
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
# T6 d; y( Y/ J R/ ?eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more . Z6 C4 m' A! G4 j
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s : q6 r h, x4 \/ x \3 T
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w # e, R- g3 V2 L M5 W
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
+ D. b% r2 J4 R* ~( Xple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 $ y+ H& L! K/ }& D* Y* @
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
5 n! C8 R; ~: Y* P4 `,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
( x% ^: L, M/ d6 s" T压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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, y, b: E5 |3 m; B) zIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat ' ]- j/ h) J/ [7 u; u( E
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain " _4 W% }: R9 s* q
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
' C* `. Q" b& jr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ; C6 Z8 T9 A+ ^4 m3 }" g S/ N
world.
1 ^. @- t8 b6 }0 ^+ L h2 N# }6 {" d# ?$ ~( Q, S& n
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 s6 O( \) H6 f* Z" e7 [) \/ [* P
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 2 e. w! J/ w1 Z& l3 {
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
8 J# t" l" I1 t( o+ s* v) s+ F5 c( T
# V9 r* ?7 K1 G
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is ) d8 F- N [% Z* w5 s& S: k. N( F
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b " |' E. f! B& R6 _9 y/ \4 ^ V8 C
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 1 E* A. B2 z' Q4 i/ z
disagree. : K* w* U" M/ V% |
) S- T$ \' o" Q) `5 D6 Y在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
1 Q; d- {$ f' q4 a8 [* @4 p不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 * W( Z; S' K$ d& A2 \9 Y4 l% z
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 ( Q' w0 G! L) m
9 ^. v4 ^& V5 R# a# B" S
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
2 a2 B7 x7 i: p- `% d0 K
( V V2 U1 H! e4 p% [+ }1 y我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
# o3 Q O; d+ v& i0 W" m7 Q+ b4 Y, j' ?: |
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
* H* V4 U: E3 m( v @! W1 V" J: rthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
( m# I" @9 s$ ^* nbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h : L: u9 [) W: J; [
ave acted.
0 N" B* r5 b, N: k/ e, U. \7 E; L+ J2 T3 f4 y( D4 X
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 - L; M8 U5 P% d4 O; [
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
! {. e2 v3 ^5 m如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ! ?5 G# p: Q( b! X8 D
: f% r. i8 `( R4 c- z+ S
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
( c! A* j% D4 V( i
+ g* s' }) n5 t& z# }5 \7 e. H9 A$ P( Z改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
& r* E& v4 m" I8 d8 c* F2 |/ T5 Q1 ~2 y7 e- j$ J
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
# p$ x9 _8 a7 S* Y1 wthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 8 \* Y* Q" _; |0 J, n
/ S) E: U& M& \* Z9 s% X! V' I# P为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 % _; o7 D" ?8 X! [- w, Q6 @1 R6 W
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 5 |0 G& o1 `5 p4 F
7 t3 `8 y* C7 I; K$ EEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e " Z% m) `; S3 v
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 6 y2 n( u" l% g/ O3 v" o1 u
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
) a9 q' P# s- r% X1 \0 y9 \3 g0 Fermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. & v- T9 Y$ z/ U7 z
( t \0 r. G0 P5 o5 Q7 ]7 f" u即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 - c8 Z7 s2 x3 c
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
/ c; H0 T7 ]( Z再次发生类似事故。 * T# m; V/ d- l1 H' c( r
. z: ~% a" }# O& A: }
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
: J. H& [, x; ^9 |# gin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
. i k5 J/ P7 Pf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve 4 {* L4 P0 `7 d s/ a% Q
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." ! ]+ }3 k1 L. a
9 ?6 k2 l" P) z3 _3 e& C但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 2 ^6 e( M5 }+ t8 \
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 % L8 ]7 Z( ?* G, |! ?& D, Q3 r
。” + @5 U! G9 G2 [; N% o
7 N; {' {) K7 w1 ^5 ?7 f7 I# ^6 eThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea - n; Z' y* _1 L J1 ~( ^2 H7 H
ths.
% C# z) W- s1 R6 s
% p3 s: ]$ t6 f( ~! R: i5 H显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
2 U: G4 o& h/ p; [" d+ a* \
, U7 C& G1 e# ~; @8 EWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill ( @% D# g) m+ ?; A3 G
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
* \ I4 s# K a: xeasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult 5 C, e% v) H* B* e/ l
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
8 ~. S1 y, o* _! N: @ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 8 b- S) f" z! |
" W# \6 ?/ u A
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 , F4 y5 }3 v, D1 c* p0 m/ c
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 * N" [+ |, Z& y1 G: U1 e1 y" [
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, # ?9 a! ~3 ^0 |5 G; d/ @
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
! s6 A1 V. S% t5 E9 G
7 J2 j7 L4 S! Z( {If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second 4 T) p9 s5 n! Y- B& {# T. [# L
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
3 x& z8 t+ [0 O
3 d& ^7 I" S# B就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 - l' X& ? ~ Z! Q; l1 B
的事件中找到解决办法。 4 W0 |$ P; X3 y
* {9 L1 F4 w; V* FFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ( C5 r W. ?* G7 v$ `8 Q
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
4 {2 N% M: x0 i+ bw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
/ L$ p0 m0 Q" `* we caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o . l) h& ?) P1 P* N
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 5 @& Y% G1 U6 I- w8 @5 V# U
matter.
' g% A. R( t* Q/ g7 W4 v& y* M$ |9 e' p9 z' _9 i, K6 ?6 z
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
, H$ H, ?% P+ D' S- |答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
2 }+ i* ^5 l. J/ R。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 ! l$ ^( W$ X! K+ s2 O* r( S
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
# K6 L$ u( | X) I/ c实际效果。 2 d+ Z4 ^8 P+ P
) m8 q5 u) V0 u& t$ f
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
9 O* |* W* i& M+ m9 Mages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal 5 c) T9 _1 D2 r
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
7 O6 ~) i; U% o# rion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti 3 |4 v0 W0 r) y2 H
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
% X5 ^3 V! [* W* m1 @+ o- {% w7 B: x1 z. p5 R& f0 V9 Z$ y
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, 5 C8 {5 y" r6 }) f* Q+ e! Q
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
. M5 h' d" x, w7 J$ [是最简单的蚊帐。
. f3 H3 F+ h% @+ I( L
) ]1 ^7 S C- F. oThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the " V: ]7 v g4 E
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou $ H' m, i1 W4 q% J+ G* A5 y
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government & |* q) ^% Q4 |5 C( W
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 9 q& t# Z& q0 x: o* p- r& R! j
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what ( l7 \8 h- ~* n% k# q
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe # a. ^5 D" q) l: ^
ople to avoid risky behavior.
7 c! e6 K. o9 V. _3 U, Y' E Y+ o" e: M, o6 {' M- {5 s+ m
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 6 o3 k4 `0 ?4 g+ T$ s1 n7 \
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 6 {8 w" s; o6 i0 S# j5 Q
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 % \, u, L6 Q* f7 {. r6 Q5 z
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
# i9 _- I9 ~/ _( s* J% E* T为。
9 e$ ^+ K* C! |/ L6 X9 N1 ?
5 N: r- X. d' I! [/ PPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The ) V2 J K! }& i! s( q4 t
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di / r0 V9 z/ W+ u( {: j
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 7 w4 X K e; m0 V
o complexity and quit. 6 m/ Q# O- k- r0 d. j
3 z. M' X s+ G0 H: Z4 ^要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
9 A3 i4 H2 e- Y停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 1 T2 g: h# r. s5 {8 C* R% ]; n
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
, y1 }2 B, u$ A6 A. f8 J. D0 x; G
5 J( Q7 r0 \3 X) } rThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
) m; s4 E# q" f4 n/ f5 s. g! kasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot 5 v% Z9 S K. g% q
hers learn from your efforts. & `5 l% u/ l c3 w. x1 Y
1 r0 y7 a/ e9 D* V6 C& C
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 , v2 W7 l; R; v9 d2 {
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
+ T3 c" c& k: t# s3 d
; A- s) ^( f _, WYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
H1 h9 T- f& ?4 m& h. c" O9 Qprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
, g' a) V6 V" V1 ^( }! k2 O, d% Adecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
: {! k6 h& V/ v; Y! R' S nnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 0 ?* }& _- t# @/ S$ ]6 _( ~3 l
usiness and government.
+ h1 h+ K5 T: }) g# J) a; Y) `1 _( a# H4 {' v
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
# O5 s! x4 E( y( M, P; Z。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 1 }2 v/ J* E% N# G# X. }5 X
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 / o O1 A9 g: M4 Q' l
$ y1 h+ _6 u( zBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n ! [* w, ]$ n* m$ g0 p* e
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel # k% z' G" E% p- n' Z
what saving a life means to the families affected.
7 r; X8 ~. `; L; f. y1 E- _. X; e* ~* L5 O# V5 g, O
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
, e- a3 f, K( I& E" b2 v( G) }3 J你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
' p5 L6 \7 n1 {的家庭到底意味着什么。
) c y+ j* R8 O. M5 ? v& o9 \5 Q6 ~0 g! [! n: `0 T/ Y1 }6 W
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
1 Z$ b/ m5 M! s" ]0 f' N% H; uthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th - X9 z7 I) C8 c8 X! u* L
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye ( x% _" {1 V* L; N
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
0 @, L1 X9 N0 [8 X! c9 }) x5 ]2 I6 Souldn't bear it. 5 e' M$ y( w- K
3 U/ k, D8 l7 `) g几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 . G3 ^5 @6 J, }( t' M! d2 f+ L. S; V
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 ; ~- W9 y" ^; n0 C; Z* O
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 : r0 ~ B/ k- w2 `0 y1 V
我无法强迫自己听下去。
7 q' Z2 }- c& M8 I/ n% o$ I2 q" p
O E2 D5 {! b2 z) T. X: UWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an . s1 N4 X H/ e) L- p% j
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 6 ^& W: a* v/ y1 T$ O1 I0 A/ p
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 6 I% K" `) v3 E/ R) d5 E4 A
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 3 ?2 i6 L# T+ }! k: N$ k
ives?
7 X5 n# Y/ y/ ?# H
* i% M& y6 [6 M4 L- E% @' `那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
' F$ Z9 z0 [- d+ b4 N+ h8 h众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 i' G. y5 B* f n% {6 K, F+ `
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
, F- O; f# m* v/ c, B5 Y4 n2 k5 `: E, B0 }- w9 G
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
R4 f! E' V* q/ mAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
* G0 J, q) a3 R1 ^7 u8 `& x
0 Y" J; ^. k0 x( R除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 & }3 i. B0 x, n4 ]# I w$ s
点,并不是一件简单的事。 6 Q4 W) U6 d4 O7 ]& ?
7 s) F2 E q) d0 D2 ], VStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
* e+ a1 m; r! N7 [( W# O* ?ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n - s$ l* c# |5 x3 Y4 q4 g- V2 K
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
) d: ?6 I0 X+ b# [/ Ae can be different from the past. ! I0 D/ r7 J; Y: m: I* X9 ]4 w
* D" s3 G8 \8 r# ?- \& r. o" W
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 7 \" t' \" P4 M) g! t
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
8 |, K0 O2 x0 M6 ]的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 . W1 E9 e. J8 E f6 v( c) Q
% y7 I9 P" t* C; eThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute ; D" \; c9 H }+ q8 G/ u1 }
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
* u* \* G! s- A# ^0 a) Drty and end death from preventable disease. ) i9 `; R: y4 Z6 L/ V: f
6 s. ~6 K6 y$ L# }3 m$ @这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 2 X9 B& `4 b6 W4 F
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 " E- w0 l# F( M% U/ s
. [ z/ u0 N& @& p/ x- s
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
1 ?) I3 u/ t- q5 j, Y3 q) Rn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
9 z4 U1 R8 d- w. Es that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
* q3 P' v' e a* g) ycts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
8 t/ {3 V" W/ n3 ?4 x/ ]or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is ) S; Y' c. T! m1 Z4 i
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
! U2 X: X$ X' c1 s; V0 ~f the situation."
1 l+ X6 i% ]/ C# Z1 V9 l% }; t. @( T; I" Q1 K. U: ^
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 % _0 d; h+ q. N( u
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
6 J! B0 f3 v" C6 v3 x源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
1 B! `9 S4 E( D6 }1 H7 ~层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
/ H! w0 h1 Z$ |4 ]3 P$ k+ B
7 n# j1 |' f3 [' n, OThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me & N! R) a' o! R' z
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
3 I: j: o9 P! ~' [& H' v- X6 q; Jisible, less distant. + P X/ O" u- O$ e+ _
; p* V/ ^* Z9 ~) g+ Q
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 n& v2 _7 i7 p9 F4 m3 d
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
- E6 ~2 Q! V% \( o+ }5 i5 v1 P2 ~
( q. ^+ }2 g$ ]4 E. j' bThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
; H$ X6 v- m7 F6 w$ C- W: ghat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
# F# n5 L- E' k( X, U3 m' m% i6 q/ u& _# E7 L4 a" H- m+ S& t
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 : T' s5 n3 A4 U: q4 s
大的机会。 5 _6 D0 @2 S2 T2 I3 e l+ i4 E3 N8 V) s
& X* b. r F& y0 e# Q0 P
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an % G) T6 u" ?0 P+ F2 T$ _# w/ G% ^
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
; w9 `# {+ l: C- zrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc ; c) `" v9 y9 s& w- N
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
0 |5 Z, f5 g; `6 w2 \- H5 x. H
$ U: E3 j7 h! k) S' G: @网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 & f, |3 S+ l: f8 p7 a0 i0 s
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
/ T8 a6 L7 R% R3 J, F |大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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4 S/ Z9 ~4 R4 j, g" J3 f/ M* j8 g6 kAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol ( o; Z4 S7 |/ {+ M6 y1 D4 o
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
! K$ S' {* C% ]. o+ Escussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
" A% k% j& M! w" ~4 T( Rho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t + b! w! v/ G S- L$ Z8 T7 q
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 4 H" L9 ~3 B1 E. \9 g
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 , v& e r' a) E% @
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 : D5 I" j% j x' g
2 {: S& o7 `2 ]* m S$ L
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
. ^/ L+ o2 K, x3 Mthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
3 @. C3 ?# I- uanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f ; s3 ]* F) T5 l3 J
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to . d/ j3 M1 r% F% g# i k
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
3 M; L! k. c5 Oss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. 6 m9 N$ l4 ^2 v" _2 q
; z4 Z1 t. v9 a
1 `" G* k* U+ V3 v ]7 h. m7 [5 y- j0 Q我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
& n6 U9 P2 S; @. m8 p, [类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 5 l5 {( O/ H: Q- B& K$ z
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
/ l! j6 @: b$ ?9 Y改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
9 v. R8 p. X, z* K; @3 T" `: ~* @( u9 K
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection ! g0 b/ J ?2 W; D9 j% Y
s of intellectual talent in the world.
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! M R8 j( r3 w/ A4 }4 n1 O哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
4 [* {2 M5 h: ~) D9 R( h3 I- f0 s( q/ n4 \( E$ I% B
What for? ( ]9 I3 Q& F1 E
6 l* W. a& ^2 L
我们可以做些什么?
2 t: @6 t/ w' }0 J' [
$ E" B9 m0 m' u) l7 b$ DThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
5 y6 i( A# S" W# B% Iactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an $ Z& E- L- K. S
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
, l% d Y1 h5 Z; B9 eimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
* D( n. o% Q8 ?
- k+ ~. V: c0 D( \毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
4 p& g9 E5 r: X4 l; [# d. t5 [的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ! l+ d: z+ J6 q3 T
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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* ]; |# Z# e5 U9 k* M( g; X; n5 ULet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
; y3 }% F4 t: l9 bers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
* j0 d0 g2 F. M9 {) m( }and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
6 m, Y& f5 W4 ^7 W4 j- B: Y5 F8 C
8 Y) x- F6 e. e x/ E请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 1 p" V. g3 N4 M6 k. t+ H
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
+ t( R: O: a: }% K' Y |* x7 M `$ v
1 @) h+ L1 X) G' c( C
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
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# l) G. q/ o# M. T. u. y我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? : }. ~% a$ g2 D0 r
( J/ Y4 i5 P! k% E" s
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? 1 F" \& q8 _, K X& i% S
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
3 x5 X h9 V& u8 l9 O! f9 Jnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch $ o) S" T/ k8 N( {6 t5 S
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? ' w8 u: J' J3 B0 O: ^
5 V1 P# _+ e! _2 j; |哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
7 E( f' ~3 I y8 C+ w4 x1 V端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
" r& C. K! h2 }4 O* I7 G" i…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? . q4 p: R: f+ ~6 n) D3 r7 t! v+ ?" M
1 M: z. m. X2 l- D. N7 O2 ]2 IShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's / L' M/ O0 v# a$ N5 T9 K; @
least privileged? 1 t/ V% u- S1 u+ E+ J4 m: ?/ ]8 A* D
3 b' G8 u6 k: |+ I那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? ) D, `% F M$ J
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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0 \* O$ ^7 Y! e/ w8 e9 A这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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8 q0 R5 ^( `5 ~- C! n4 y4 {My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 3 _9 W$ i& A& L: w
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
. f S1 x6 |: v8 b% td a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
$ m# q% P/ [" `# `written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
- N3 ~" v8 g- ?* law one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
) n8 G+ o. w8 z1 R9 Q# |she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
4 G6 _9 T, J; n- x. X4 q, H! E7 L [4 `3 `4 ^5 p
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 " m0 i9 l; y4 e$ T' j
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 " j6 [) t: j) k9 N) r4 M# A
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
$ A' e, Q4 Z6 ]+ \) B! C, h病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: 9 K8 {# ^: A( ~* \0 X- T. G9 p
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
- k; q3 F' p8 s ?* |+ ?% `( ]3 ~的期望也就越大。” 2 v6 x1 G# E4 v" M: j2 t
8 X4 v/ i$ b9 q2 A m& M( \
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal . I1 B( j% _$ G* I
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 4 L: \0 @. O4 y2 @3 x
has a right to expect from us.
" \* R2 R) `8 A: A/ W" z1 k, j/ c' A7 M9 A' r0 E8 C4 ~
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
/ r1 i* |) P" w2 ^3 n' H以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 # w Y5 M3 e/ G. M2 L1 m0 _
2 n C& K% E3 I1 f( q( t
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h + j2 E) t! p8 h @; m2 ~& B
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
8 k7 A- t; d" ^% b# becialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
0 q9 {# t: p: q1 t0 q% m5 y; r! Y. tnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
1 n }# u0 N n5 wek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
( _, T9 Z" G0 w1 ewith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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5 X2 H& Z# H2 M2 Y3 C. P
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
6 r, ?% v- x+ C' P% D2 b$ e题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
/ K& B f2 @ _* X9 Q专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ( |& b+ O# j0 T9 e$ a* z& P9 p
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
4 E* ]6 j8 `' l% m0 F& y) y找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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" M# O: B; J. cDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
7 Z8 S: V1 p3 m# f+ `& ^7 Yll be one of the great experiences of your lives. ) a8 a% d2 m4 N9 u
1 l( i/ S9 A% z/ r8 T不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
! ?6 G7 a! E9 l: K己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
' y; f& d$ p1 b" ^have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
5 F" Q& P, `* g Eal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h + h* w$ ~/ d) L+ |
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
# N- K* x1 \* i5 ~5 W0 \# M- v, j) uhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
% l7 D4 v! v0 x5 }) h; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 % V1 H+ I: y4 I& H8 Q; l% x
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
3 e7 r# U2 F, f+ J5 B. Q时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 ! u5 d% r9 o8 O; g# R( ]* f; [
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
) k8 a2 T' z. S( y. M' E8 n更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 2 T8 f8 |* _% m# N* C& U# j
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Knowing what you know, how could you not? & K; o$ a5 j# p
4 p0 Z/ D* n$ h' M# M知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
+ ?( ]! w1 `- D8 [0 X P, ? j2 [) [6 M; {3 Q4 C( p2 w9 C; Y4 H
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
?- N$ _1 ]* ?1 }+ {1 U/ p) uwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
" K8 K* x# U% d0 m( j, F, Y4 eurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well ; }4 Q, O# T4 E/ _
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
, ~0 @# t$ L+ E5 j3 jeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
& m4 L+ p5 I7 B) R: G3 i望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 4 K" r+ C4 n' J. b7 k5 `
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
2 [- N3 b$ U$ ^不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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