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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
6 U& d1 t7 G1 {4 S( g" ]( W; l+ `比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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* z0 w* a8 |9 ^: w3 N/ Z! z" y! V2007年6月7日 6 d% X/ n i0 u9 S6 V* ?
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阮一峰 译 ! B. ?- P- ]. S% U
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members ' A0 g7 }, F9 e F0 M; @. d
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, - h1 d' Y/ K% B# C, f/ _
parents, and especially, the graduates: & [& \3 i D( B g: u2 d
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
& e* X' I+ F4 v6 h$ Y理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: & f' O( ^* P& l6 D: |
6 `4 C% h" X$ A! d) t! tI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
' [% N, A# ?% i4 R7 |% }% A! Scome back and get my degree."
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) P7 U! Q' P( J7 i& f. L% m. v有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
' `& R2 m! B2 q; F学位的!” 5 N8 S* O% r7 N: G2 G
8 B3 O6 R% ?* H* RI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye # N! m- n7 u* v# a& p5 a0 P8 j! k
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. ' l; L- N% B- t& ]8 H0 {+ Y. s
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 ! E# X C% \( }/ p
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 ; ~9 y: g% p: G. U; u, [8 R
) W1 `6 M' f4 sI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr . k4 y5 |9 O! P4 h/ H. |
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
7 n" m, S- E2 j2 A1 N9 Ut successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
, n7 M/ S0 l ?. a" A% tlass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
4 C' _5 E+ ~, y- w/ C0 D. E哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
5 W* q+ Z4 _8 c( X所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 # {- u/ O5 ]7 V
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out , Q2 m( ?0 O& G, E
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at ( R5 o) W' x3 i/ S
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
0 N2 R* q& o8 K2 _6 Rre today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
4 ?" J& n$ I( F( M0 m。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
4 {6 G5 s1 f* ]3 u( \- z$ C。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
8 v* g& G Q9 T% S A吧。
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0 v f; i. }/ J% g1 ]Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating ) E1 [2 X' ?& O' f! E9 L
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 0 P. g" W/ I# w8 W
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always / h. |" s; ]2 U" {
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo 4 @& `: v& F; ~2 a. S
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
/ w0 i9 ?9 ~# ^' |" b2 m2 |. W; I5 ~& Pe the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
9 m) T8 }$ H8 t; x2 bdating our rejection of all those social people.
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9 P7 k4 }1 x: V$ r& h' X3 G对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 5 A! O, @9 Z4 G6 D
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
+ ?7 ~; t, R6 J多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
% T% y: l/ M" a我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
* k, Y4 c& Q- @- @' W/ R, r的姿态。
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$ }4 c/ X! w# T, G# z# NRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 7 x. U$ q( n% B% T
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds / J) M6 s: X) N5 q) N
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi $ e1 f& p) S1 P& U* a
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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5 s$ V! m$ g: d4 B; nRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
4 s0 H/ J2 E, o2 w% u" c( p9 H* i种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
+ R% g! F0 K7 W+ ]. \人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 / }* r# A' q* ~3 ?7 r Y4 F5 L( T
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call , ^! ~: _9 `% ~5 g/ G, f
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
% K2 G8 L0 @% `) `d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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$ k X! p. Y' V! H我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque % K* A; E/ a' ?
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 0 a+ q3 g- z) b; L
他们出售软件。 $ ?! Y8 _0 x/ o! ]* m/ ~
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
- H% ?0 ^4 A" O }3 w. kn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
w* @0 v+ T' T! k3 \2 c/ fh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 8 m4 u9 D: ?: S$ T# @/ u. p1 c
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the : a' p& [4 Y% s' X- u& t
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 6 l9 p0 U' L" [; d. H2 c
crosoft. " Q: A* u2 }/ ]7 s- X
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
; G! |! n1 R" B9 g6 T4 Z还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 : I8 J8 J/ h/ k- W' a: L& |& l- H
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 . F' H9 c1 P* P: R
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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5 d" }+ _3 K5 |# x0 Z* jWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
$ M1 i& O9 b. ]8 F; ^9 S4 R, g. tgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
8 \; h @5 | Y, E8 qscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 8 k% E* T r3 Z/ r
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made ; ~( z* g o4 |# \! A
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, ( p# n1 O' Q4 N$ O0 V/ a$ D
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
% V: ]$ G) Z/ k3 g9 ]人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
* D1 `" B- ^4 y2 D' `里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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* o: u' ?- |, |1 l _ L/ ^# MBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 7 Q' q1 m$ o! |& w3 [1 x, _
7 B' [) ~3 e' Q但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 # s* k# K" W& X4 j: l/ c
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
) ]2 K4 t/ f$ lthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn ! e% Z" [8 B/ S8 k0 V
millions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 . }6 _, E B4 e/ l9 c. W8 X( Y; J" f
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ( Z& z3 a0 n+ ]1 ^+ b
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g $ E4 y6 f9 I8 x% N" y) E# C0 V
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. $ N i+ @. j, s% s! Y& [
" {3 `) ]- ]. U6 d5 }1 z我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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; l2 \$ C8 p" P% V7 S$ f% y; @7 bBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
. ^4 F7 |: W+ C7 We discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
6 T& Q9 @/ r t, P4 Ug public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu : J4 o' @0 K- m4 f; u6 }
cing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 : Q: M! I& Z* K6 O; t
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
# W* X- x# ?( G& Z X: o泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 0 a/ N0 A9 w) X
8 W0 }" F: K4 GI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
) W: S6 m6 |! @* s( {, reducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the ' W% h% `$ x. N; z
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 1 q( B3 A1 C0 b8 N+ h7 K5 d: @
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
7 l; c5 T/ g6 {0 S/ G会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 $ ?' D& v1 |- s' C
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 9 q r+ ]0 q" o5 o1 m& i( @
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
! {$ R# d# k6 u- u6 X2 e) hld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope / T; s5 T7 v) \; o
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
7 d1 B7 w2 W# o9 V& X" Y! B- [gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
. c1 [: O* T( h0 s, W' _世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 $ t: }( t6 l u- c9 k$ L- W% x
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
9 d' k. A: X6 b9 k( N* g; ^) M个问题。
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* Q; S# K' c* c& W6 }Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
" c* u( x s& @/ e/ sa few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim + c& f! ~8 k6 \: w6 E9 S/ x
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
- _* G0 |% y q; o4 Fves. Where would you spend it? 8 p [' N& P: Q. s% |% ]- ]: A
, f$ M$ y% E4 A# H为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 2 k: ^. o0 U8 @; c4 W7 L
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 5 Q, ~( g" Q+ m3 n, M
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good # q6 ]* v) s9 [2 ?) [2 s# B
for the greatest number with the resources we have. 2 R6 M4 q# H3 S0 j, c. u# p
% A9 f1 {6 m! H0 q( g. Z对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 7 F t" U+ T* r8 \
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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! U5 [% M# s8 _7 X& a! uDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
2 h9 B9 t" I7 C% Ohe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
8 s& o* K3 t4 \" H: ~2 \ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
6 s/ R3 O" V% ^7 s4 ^5 {monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 4 Y; W C5 c0 i" Q5 u
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
3 c1 ~6 F; o% n, `/ DStates. ' ~& t2 ?: l A- W
% d4 z$ s, n! X9 x在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
- d# d- C! a& x& E. N+ w儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
& s# S M8 h o0 D( U一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 / `, {3 }8 S" Q% W6 q! L+ u
亡病例也没有。 ; z- h; |+ k3 x5 ?' W: F3 O
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a : O) g/ s4 Y, I+ R
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
. z$ s& O; [4 y; x6 W% Kiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
- I% A1 g- Q6 _ n( b5 d9 z3 ne interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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% \8 q; q+ D: v我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
1 _8 G5 B3 o, R' e那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 / v7 Z7 V# i6 C8 H6 c \
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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' c5 Y# F( p& R- fIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
) b5 m6 t$ o/ `; ? Xome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " , ^6 N" i# R: ]' c, w4 ~. Q
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
+ \# b9 S8 O8 h8 eiving." ; |& [/ W1 f5 x
7 s$ i' X" Y4 p" W# q+ N% u2 E如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
5 t8 ?; a$ ~7 r% i' O了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
9 D% y: _( K7 ]4 L) o* n0 x是我们努力的头等大事。”
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, A! @7 N- v0 E) e/ ~So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho , O1 |) l5 S$ C
w could the world let these children die?"
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9 J2 x6 J: F: d/ r+ d! q所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 ) O S: X% u' ]; t+ Y5 x5 Z
这些孩子死去?”
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7 G e( D3 _! t" X) Y5 W- WThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 4 A K/ q1 B7 b$ F5 i
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
2 _3 C- `6 E, rcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
; @5 X- P# T& C5 w1 Oin the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 ' w! o! d( t1 F6 J. ~& ]
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 , A, z+ N; l0 L, @7 N3 X0 v0 Q
有能力发出声音。 ! E1 F7 b, _; Z6 ~( b& `, `
3 O, Z6 [0 w8 l) \5 BBut you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 % d9 S# `- Y; J) L2 Y
% g( \1 N1 m- {7 B' V9 Y5 R' k7 rWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
@- [+ ^. R' `- N, O1 reative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more $ b) \( e5 L7 H' g& \ U7 A
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
1 t1 e. G. g ?, K! ^& M# h( euffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 8 }! j2 G2 M9 Z: [0 S
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
; J7 B* s7 T1 H& bple who pay the taxes. , l0 o# `6 z( N7 J( l/ S
5 a4 V5 k6 C V; @9 n我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
$ a1 h6 ^9 J- k( V9 E! Q——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 9 E- `; o. v3 s6 Q6 E4 b) W$ n
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
) X2 |; J+ M- l5 W' H0 n$ x: v压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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* u0 W+ Z4 E; X+ {( s% i: N D" IIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
+ m0 B; |2 i" b6 y9 Ge profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 1 L, w) @& j6 E4 m- a% e% w
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 3 t" T! f8 k. W
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
( W2 U7 c3 u. @0 hworld. 9 ^8 I4 U: A, }
+ k2 Y0 r$ D0 [8 b2 u6 V8 p$ u' y如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
B( I8 {; R$ F, }$ C& J来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 ! N4 B2 Z; r/ e& ?' g
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
! y7 C& w$ e' L: N7 K# M% b9 R3 `1 Q' d% S4 A. o
2 `0 c$ l) A+ E& P3 zI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 8 i# ^/ s6 `. C" w2 V3 o* R" [, a
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
4 R& o; Z( I2 `e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 9 ^2 ]& A5 G5 ]5 `: m
disagree.
$ D* H& G1 Z! m& E+ b8 U; L7 a( j2 Z. } t2 w5 i- [8 k
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
6 ~$ @) ?& l/ G( v' M8 w不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 ! I3 @/ g+ C, Q
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
0 y4 u5 k3 \+ P9 Y
' P, r, a( y4 L$ Y& C; II believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. & L3 c& n& Q( r0 i0 g
7 N& W4 [) _$ |) H
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 5 Z4 N% S$ z" a4 A
; S4 `+ R& w$ z6 S+ p' `) YAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
( _) p' o1 i1 t0 ]' ^3 ithat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
4 l0 `5 r& r3 s o& E( |but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
% W7 ~1 W* j# ~+ B* l. {ave acted. 2 {1 [+ i# Q1 _+ }& [6 b
8 z* e7 [; ~% r& |; L此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
; T* ^( y) O, [% s2 `$ t伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
3 u. Y. }' Q/ \: S如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 8 I3 T( k$ m7 Y5 M% m8 i
9 c. r9 L" q# y9 n3 ]* [The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
! J$ k% w4 ]. ~: a8 R" u* k
Z+ H8 j. b% P6 L) G改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 & |+ W+ Y# B' b! s3 O! A
% H5 y) \# m3 G$ w$ E8 rTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see $ C/ {3 p4 \& j) F, G. y
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
! n0 A+ t u( G! ^1 z1 _( R6 ~ `$ q2 X" |* ~) e
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
7 s) Z9 Q0 C0 T的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 , F4 X/ _6 c/ C9 @# B
: ~" [; m2 J7 a
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e 8 g6 `6 N0 F/ n0 Z# _3 [0 s' w
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 0 D, _5 x3 _3 j5 Y1 Q
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
7 I7 S% u. a( c1 J {+ dermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. : T# c ?0 ^% X+ s* |* C" x
* `% {6 A+ m2 @7 K2 c
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
H: l5 t- Q. c: X0 a架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
8 m2 p$ n) y9 W1 u再次发生类似事故。
* z& d( f6 r2 b0 X& V$ _8 n* s2 ^9 _
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people 1 @6 @3 a) v; m
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
# O* d" f4 y( x$ i" R9 u) ?$ bf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
' j/ U% H) K; ?) v9 V1 ?7 Gthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." ! n: T0 j! [+ x
2 m% q9 r( j: t4 S3 q! g8 `
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 9 @7 k: x- U, w( b( v9 a
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 T) M. |4 o! y! q H, _8 d
。” # n8 p2 Y5 L" x" C
$ c0 [, k+ @) m! t4 q# n. P' l
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea / O4 t: \2 E: {, U2 j* y' F
ths.
0 F2 O1 q+ k+ u1 J5 [5 j
, u& C" s6 {+ F8 K/ X2 R5 o3 s/ E4 k3 V显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
# ^3 [4 P* z& ], l# B+ d+ }. I6 P; w( `+ V% o; R7 _ L
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill 0 a2 V7 `) a5 B$ \3 P
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
9 V+ X* h0 o) y( N5 K: \easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult " `- c7 g0 P; Z. F9 [8 O' ~2 ]5 G* A1 S' p
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat : }9 ?2 W3 k v" u# g6 {
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
& {: n- E& v1 K) w6 P
. a& ^0 Z9 b0 [* e! |) P我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
( E# Y" ?! Q" S7 I。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 ( s( L% [" n; z& P2 ^# a
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, - X! `7 w9 x) X* C9 u! G: v8 E x; O
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 % @; x/ {1 r% f0 s. O" F2 s) I, R
" c, L& R% S4 s* H0 v" r$ DIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second - [, b2 k J) s) W, ^+ u1 N, R
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
$ Q" a) z* n ^% t& ^; T6 A; m+ B. x; Z: N9 I' \ C
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
/ x5 ^! T7 T, ? S& c的事件中找到解决办法。
2 b4 I# \6 P( [, ^
2 W; Q* p+ \) X! G bFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
, O# o w1 s' De have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
# c8 Z* I" |: Hw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
3 P- n+ z x. `' Y5 j5 r0 ?/ Xe caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
3 ~9 @ x( ?, B! X. ~f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
|7 ~& k) n$ }/ }+ H0 @ u/ [1 omatter.
7 z3 D: ?$ ]; s0 J/ x6 j8 O# v) m% Z$ r9 S! f: x
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 - y- U6 Y% c# I5 }
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
! ^( M# A, B/ w。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 a0 A8 k$ w: D
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 M1 R+ n$ F" t/ @* C
实际效果。
/ @" H. t% a2 F/ c" X4 t0 i5 A. X* x7 d$ C* J$ P1 K$ f
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
" P1 k/ D* ~/ J$ y* Q. mages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
0 }1 M2 P3 \8 M0 u/ ^5 Q: Mtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat 8 t3 A3 t: _' }( {; O$ B
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti 0 C* i5 Y5 u- S; h
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
& r" X X: D% g; T. Z
+ u4 L; k2 \( i! ~+ B. q6 b从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, 0 Q) E" m+ K/ E7 }6 p) T+ D3 y
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
6 f# W; Q7 f5 l0 n* l是最简单的蚊帐。
# R. I& L2 N0 y
' G2 Y2 l0 E1 l1 L: ~The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the 7 ]; t1 ], r- ~" R- t& W Z9 r/ i
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou - f0 G5 q4 U3 a; g) }
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
1 `; |# S, Q) G" E# ms, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
1 Z% S2 S7 k# Nkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what & G! D/ `" A! r' W/ H4 K9 k- i
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe ; r, {0 n) r7 w+ b8 |: X
ople to avoid risky behavior.
" j8 `! K9 L h- v* T7 n% D+ `1 }& i
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 8 a8 t- K }. A; V( Z
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
2 [0 o# E5 y% k5 c* Z# ~( F/ `金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
: B& K: @" g) h5 u# S时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
- z. d* p* i4 Y, l' C为。
) n2 W, B4 k7 g, u2 K& K) g K2 l9 Q
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 3 J* I, `. l7 d0 L" p# M
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
' g5 Q# }+ L; T& c& y5 \; D- zd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
: S; c% `4 d" S c' K# w" Mo complexity and quit. . _& x$ v( x0 A/ l4 }
4 g- P& ^% G1 { e, m3 _# A9 R要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
- w" m* ^( T/ m9 F停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 ' H8 @" o; u7 C* B
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
) F$ H8 O5 z' l- p% U( X. ^& n1 ]* ~ x& x* u! U5 f c1 ?. f
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me & g, M$ ^" p2 q$ d" b3 H
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot - S% J! A1 n& d$ y1 @- f
hers learn from your efforts.
. [7 p8 U0 M2 k; [( `! u: d( X9 H5 f' a
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 7 ?* k! ]1 I0 e( g2 c/ f- g
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
. f) n6 C( g% s; E; _5 A: D8 K: Q W. \+ r- ^
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
, r; G" L7 |, E: }program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a E: K e: c S
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
- x) Q+ q2 T% n% I/ ?! ?5 R/ bnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
3 l: i8 Y1 m& i3 M% s. l' J5 Dusiness and government. # x" s* \% G4 t2 b: o/ B& C
4 K1 E3 x" [- }+ p! Z" ?; v当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
% J2 f; G7 K* ]: R: R7 m* |。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
' g/ J; o/ w3 A1 }: s B项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 3 s3 y0 c" G3 G5 r: j& g
3 ^6 ?6 t2 F1 Q8 M; }$ D o% hBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 9 x' R4 u- g: k9 |
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel - I3 x% w9 A$ k0 M3 O0 `. ]0 x. |
what saving a life means to the families affected.
$ _; c* m5 Z5 N# n: c/ b7 R; O0 y; _% s3 }. S }; L+ A9 Y
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
% X/ I4 o6 J2 r& Z你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 ! O, `* b' N' T8 x
的家庭到底意味着什么。 $ T( U# z" I9 I! ~8 M2 m
5 D% H+ y8 U$ d% ]# X0 HI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
1 c# L- t- I9 K4 q2 Bthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 4 f! ?5 F) @/ l, |0 R+ r
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
! ~5 l0 J5 N; K0 I$ J8 zt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c ; W9 G5 U; r7 Y2 m1 F! P* H) o
ouldn't bear it. 4 \; e- _7 Q& n) v0 N
# |) t S7 ]9 M) f( y几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 # M% q: R$ g' n, O# F( X
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
; l( f5 O4 U" m0 X1 V: Y6 l) m4 B这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 ' _% `6 Z p" w1 z+ E$ I
我无法强迫自己听下去。 4 b2 Q" `0 u" j1 {4 K# L; ^
9 q; }% H: Q: D0 w) GWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an ' X P, Z" M8 m, _1 C
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we % w3 a$ A6 y) C/ \
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited $ S+ |5 c' [5 x V. `2 V( W1 S
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 9 Y" Z3 z. E% L
ives? 8 H6 O; l" ^- v" u
7 c- F8 O, U" @" j
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
+ Z5 d8 h. f# q( \众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 6 c8 u9 W2 p0 L
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
- M, A2 H9 c) c, @# ^9 v: M/ o/ i3 w( v
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 3 e6 `; ?1 [+ ~5 L' ]3 n
And how you do that – is a complex question. " [+ a9 T% i- o; `8 V! a. ^
/ N# v6 k! q$ H# G& z2 H2 S
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 5 N9 i$ K( Z' X- x& y: W* r) l
点,并不是一件简单的事。
2 A+ N# B4 P$ R0 u" e! s4 L! D3 f8 G6 K8 P9 r
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too ! y( G. w& W& I- h+ W% `5 `
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
# q, ~, b5 s' p+ m6 a% K! yew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur ) W% Q3 \1 L% R8 Y4 ^
e can be different from the past.
2 v+ B. Z0 z/ T& H2 D. L- G4 ?9 g- M2 k4 y d+ j- \5 e& z+ Q
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 0 e% ^! j: R3 K2 o5 K9 I9 V: v n
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
8 J& _& X4 t1 l2 ]. {' q' r8 V- L的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 & G0 E* [2 ?3 e% Z
7 D9 Q$ k9 g# F" \4 \+ @ S
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
5 A8 q* j$ ~+ E _: t/ i" dr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
3 ` _( _0 ~3 R: d6 a; _0 o/ krty and end death from preventable disease. , b# K _9 C$ b
8 j/ x1 I9 k2 ~5 I) C8 b! K' F
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 : T1 e% r8 Y; }6 w/ @
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
# c, f- p% S6 i) ]% U6 v% {% C
& I- ~0 Y! R6 ^2 W8 XSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla . e3 W! ~2 P' u& f# Z& `) j
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i $ b2 }. J$ C5 i% H% ?/ N. V3 l
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 3 T6 f; {) V. Z. K7 W& }7 {6 f6 S" _
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 0 L9 w. G `1 l' S1 Q9 ]7 P
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
, p) A% E% S8 u" Q" q0 ^, Uvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
9 K4 ], O8 t+ Rf the situation." + q: d [6 \- k' T" E8 F1 {
+ u/ h0 b2 t# w
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
, s a- Z* T# O+ m. s国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 & H/ l! v6 ^$ K9 A! p6 g& W
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
" X5 W" u! T: g* \层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
0 J. J* O: u `/ K! m, L. C+ H2 P- ~# O. `7 K
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
& }4 J9 Z ] a F. ], technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 8 c! g' ?! z6 G! l) X9 @1 ]
isible, less distant. : w e3 }8 s7 ^0 y) l8 m8 r& {
p3 Z' n9 T; H6 w马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 + ~# G* p1 l4 `. m
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 / e" B0 W/ Z" `, P% J! D" \* F2 f
* T( t8 O: k2 y" `) `7 F* m
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
6 S. L& J( G+ lhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
5 Y- X' `% G) v% R g5 a5 \- K% O8 {' z! Z9 h y0 B
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 9 ]# L* C- }* |. A+ b' v& G
大的机会。
" ?1 d" {+ S% R4 y! d9 s; K" Q9 M- Z4 s; b5 S T& n8 l. d
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
% n7 C9 r% f! Y5 Vd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b % B# d l' Y* ]: O( B0 J7 ]
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 3 d i4 Q* {( h6 H" I: @$ K) g
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
2 H4 K1 i2 m7 C" z* Y. Y
; n! B9 k; H$ L" K网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 ( P* G, @- |+ \. {/ ]2 t
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
( g G$ M, `( C; U h/ d, E大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 ' n& H7 d. u* x; u0 ~8 _' O
( R3 r! C! R) _$ d$ u( Z) G1 AAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
0 L8 a6 G7 X; W, `" N# V2 O. O& J9 rogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di + B8 c( J& M9 n9 O9 B9 `8 u8 P% H
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
# Y8 Q8 D1 A5 _% Q6 Sho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t ' z9 X5 L: O6 f' i7 h
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
. I# R% S' e3 g" W; `+ \0 z创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
* S8 X# s# c# Y3 H人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 2 k# H. a1 V. \6 J- p4 n9 Q1 P+ z- M
* n& L/ u2 w* R2 q; m
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
! d# R( d- H. G# t5 K* Z) kthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 7 u9 D) J! G5 L# M
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
- ^8 y: a! |* E& Y4 eor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
, f: R: f+ R' Y9 ssee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
8 q6 g! v9 ^) css the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. & H; X g, w" {3 U P* w4 E1 u
5 E8 K' b6 m# F% ^9 W
5 C0 c! s) ?1 A2 b, V6 h我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 3 P6 g! s' b# M
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
# E" O8 }, a$ C8 \) a9 x' P; C机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
) @% ` h/ {9 o1 ^改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 + m% w2 h$ l8 s- z% B
1 u& x* O# R; U1 v0 K) e
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
* ^; d3 a& V7 r$ {% _( u Q" @3 ~s of intellectual talent in the world. 3 |+ j4 M7 c- h
6 l( d* \5 {1 ` Y
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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What for? ; b9 y2 `7 l1 } M" A$ u
& y- _' A3 z( m
我们可以做些什么? ; N; M3 q- | ?. b
5 r5 ~. S, G: d: v! A: x
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef " O' e* J: i5 F! Z2 L
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
& l8 l; A8 o, U. j8 g" Td around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
0 _4 H1 M$ Z# P( \: ]improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
6 d5 A- C' {0 z; \2 O6 b; ]
! {4 |' F8 t8 m H6 x. D毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 & P2 p+ {8 o( O3 a
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 . X* L$ e; y+ F! z8 S
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? & K7 G3 w7 g& X
" y z- e8 ~4 o6 j7 O M9 P5 T
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
, W' b4 A7 w9 J: i/ {* e) C5 Z, o0 V$ bers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, 1 q. q* b% C, L. j
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
- k8 g: @: U) f/ f6 v& L
" p4 S" c/ |+ a. P- M4 E3 s请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
* c( N$ ~- x0 c: V4 E9 B老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
9 }$ H$ z2 }# J! A' p
/ X3 f2 w) ?* n6 E. W5 D
/ X; B T0 O% J2 g2 R; I0 DShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? - `3 s, J2 c0 Y
/ I1 [, G. k0 Y, b1 [
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 1 b; P$ r* G: T1 d3 l7 q' U: ~- i
6 Y7 p+ x! B, H
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? 1 ?, V4 p- |, K
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
+ O" [* T% }* Knce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch $ E) ?' n5 n" o/ H8 r6 D
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
- D3 `! k e$ o$ S2 K Q' B
/ }+ c+ B @5 [5 F5 v- {& @9 w哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
7 N% t: G/ l+ ^; a9 p" m0 t端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… 1 L. H2 @- m+ ?
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
0 `4 R7 K# S: R `/ n* i- g. {# W; B2 L# E5 M( }; l2 S
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's : L1 n9 T; s9 t4 `( e. k
least privileged?
. Q$ o+ F7 |$ g, c+ N1 j& U2 W' t
. X. D7 L M- F7 g. C7 h那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
2 n+ X; R1 g' y7 ^& P0 `
5 W! D, F. R. ^" S$ Q; @% dThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
( J- f ^6 K; t& C3 a
3 k) U1 H4 Q% y. s/ k/ c9 B这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
( ?- l. B; i$ I% \, O! v2 }& \1 V
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 4 z: U7 n; x$ F# W m+ X* K' }
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste * K- V N/ `$ ^
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had 8 ?& ]+ F6 z; b1 U, r$ F5 n
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
! a% o; U. J; ]# |. ^+ ]aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
7 k9 U) F7 }. m$ `she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
; ]( q% y- l( A* o. n2 j4 b0 Q: o5 V4 a" O& v
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 4 p6 _, O3 q X; c
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 8 C/ A9 L$ F7 n0 t a* w
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 % _ V, x6 m$ s
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
) d7 d! G+ ]# t! e% V* ]' H: o“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ) ], t8 |! A1 W6 _5 x
的期望也就越大。”
6 _7 p0 M' Y2 a0 ~3 {- I, g' E! ]4 W
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
8 N$ C6 ?! l' Went, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world J F3 ?. {* w
has a right to expect from us.
0 X" s! Z! x! R# w5 I5 e. m
/ `4 z0 \' G- ^: `8 y2 b* H想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
: `4 P: p/ o; J. b( y以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 ; T U8 p; R) `. h/ D" K
! t2 H$ @ r& t ^: IIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h ; `+ n) N. H0 ~5 R& a
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp . J* l5 r, K0 v( |' B) _) v% P/ D
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
2 Q+ V8 }3 [& X% B6 l+ U" B' d+ T8 e N: |" Tnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we ; Y: ?& I* B+ E. l
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 6 s* g# j0 C* U3 }0 n1 N8 G
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. : e& _; ]3 s: [! Y
0 q( Q" W) V7 {% M
& W9 ]7 N9 s3 Z& y/ c% K同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 % @- i4 {6 ^9 h
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 7 S' r [( m) @! w I
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, 8 V% \1 r# O) r1 j! ~
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
/ R: S3 M$ K% m- e* u0 v4 d3 B找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 ! w3 J9 j7 t( B* l# ^, h
( S8 ]" d/ s( k' n9 Q9 b3 Y8 uDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi : g4 r$ K2 Z p! @6 R: t6 ~5 b
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
/ I+ L% l$ H8 q! q# T! |& o/ d# A7 C7 g+ y, X
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 2 x( C7 X+ ~% M E( }3 E
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
+ C2 @* Y- ]9 S$ M* _% V; i0 e5 I8 D
( b; R, V5 m# Y! t3 UYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you ( J Y) K) X% I: R I; j
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ) R% s9 S8 ?5 F
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 3 S4 E( q7 u3 Z; v' i8 F* U, Q
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 7 i6 A) Y4 s4 X3 _; }
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
0 F. f2 V' D" A. l, R& y; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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* M2 ^% q6 d6 o! x; o3 Y" a在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
" o# a/ J8 m# Z5 {5 r" a% i8 z们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
) @8 u' ]( l+ z8 g; ]4 b时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 9 H2 A/ J- K. `2 I0 G, L9 B9 f
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
; b" J9 n6 Q# Y! Q8 F3 ]! W& v2 H# d0 f+ A更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
5 s1 T y5 Z% t; C' W7 z% P
1 Z6 ~ G: S5 g) s8 R- tKnowing what you know, how could you not? , J, M( G. l% _' _% i
0 R7 p7 r/ o ]0 M0 Y" d( l' f知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
' h) H: |: ~, I+ f8 L- ~) ^/ H3 ~( b# S3 I5 l
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
/ O0 ^; J+ G% C; Z. `what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 9 v6 s6 _! p9 _% h7 V: N
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
+ S5 L# o" ^* b0 b) D" Uyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
" O5 V, b. A& e8 a) @7 P' Ceople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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3 Z$ ?5 b2 k! z% L6 \我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 ) |0 b* v9 `3 B9 R+ d
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 : V( Y8 w' k) e/ A4 b$ R3 F
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
1 T# X1 w) F) Y1 t不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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