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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 2 Y! n$ w/ ?8 h/ U, V/ H
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 $ D8 W% P3 r) A1 L# M" x; ~% u
2 I7 K0 t# X# E. F5 J3 l+ @. Q2007年6月7日 / O Z6 u9 C) Q7 T% ]1 M
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阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members ( f/ b4 C' V4 v: C( K
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, K; V ?; X( a
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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. ^2 Y1 J9 P7 B0 E4 {尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
& c6 ~) p- o4 I$ I6 \理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: ( |( K7 h, O9 }# F6 U: J
+ ]& a0 I1 u6 x* _I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
0 [( R! _/ D9 c) S) e9 J1 vcome back and get my degree." # H4 ^4 L5 ^; l/ A5 n3 k. V; x
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
; O" J% T$ `/ _/ V学位的!”
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0 p$ t. g+ |! ~8 i; `I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
" ]/ A. A" A& {ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 2 T/ _ |0 n$ E$ a5 l
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
! f7 Y+ t/ Y8 K+ _ k- r# d退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
0 `+ u9 m. @% k8 r: Qees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos 8 F, g. h/ Y/ N. \
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
( L1 G* }6 |' ]; ^( Y; }lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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6 M, [% t+ h+ O我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
' @+ S; Z" r( J# j- G1 C& N哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 ! B3 x- u6 A# q( ?% M7 a
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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* ^4 Q# H, }; V/ A9 UBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out x+ l2 l3 r- T# p( E
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
' y7 ]3 |' Z0 @1 V/ ^1 vyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
6 ?' V& k: b" L* v# v, n- F. zre today.
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9 H5 ?. G/ S* Q \/ b) D6 ~但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
' W% n" s) C* W( q) D3 u" Y' L* B) M4 x。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 7 k7 n1 N) e% \/ c4 G5 }
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
4 G( W T( _8 X3 x4 d& L/ {, R吧。 0 h) S9 b B6 a: ~" s; s+ O' s
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
2 Z' l3 T/ O& B. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 4 ?; }4 A8 B+ [6 z5 \! ^9 L! j
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always * |' {) i! T1 R( } f( h
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo 7 O( s- H# `- B0 Y
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b ?' q, d: v; n! d$ ]& }2 o
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
% s7 J" C. C, e. X, Hdating our rejection of all those social people. " p' ^6 |: K2 {
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
0 R) z( ?9 H& \$ H. r) c& _课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 : ^, [8 }1 N$ @; n* w; j5 F' o, E
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 L4 J9 d7 { u! N( m/ ]- n: y+ c
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
4 v3 X' F* V# h的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
5 D" p/ M5 P& ]# Dof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 9 b% r; n, F R- \! e* q
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi # B) i$ y* V# n+ \" }
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 0 }/ G4 j$ Z. r) A( h" P7 Y
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
0 b( Q% T& I/ ?9 x, F7 n人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 7 \* }- `9 J1 P6 z
H# |. ]' j* t1 J! q3 b9 bOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
9 Z+ D9 V8 I% K! Y1 w- {from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl 9 [3 M+ X6 q8 @: d7 a
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. 8 \7 V8 l: z) Y6 R4 M" \
1 C8 S8 B `8 w; C/ R# i我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque * ?/ T; N& h3 ^6 U0 z: G; N3 h
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 $ s: m; r# m! b( v; I
他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 8 D6 {' ?6 H1 e* A9 V
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
/ X* ]. P- L5 w9 ~/ z8 wh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome g @8 {: r( r7 I7 P# `
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the ; P1 `$ {# G2 c* f
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi . g$ g/ d3 R* G" f( L2 J. @4 V! o$ s
crosoft. + B2 Y' T) q) M$ \/ t4 |
' G2 O& k" V" E6 X( w我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 ' G2 S/ }% c4 _6 Y2 \
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 $ w8 x, l% s2 ^3 i' {% r; a- E
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
- s9 q1 f6 E- O- N$ _: U6 ?& G生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 : ]3 p5 x* L2 J6 l
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
! X; {4 Q. d0 P" y) [9 y, g2 ?4 Qgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di ; U2 I2 t6 ^7 a6 M, s$ z
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 2 [, \% d; D; t3 r" I* j
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made $ f8 y( ~3 Q1 ~6 i( j Z
, and the ideas I worked on. ( Q* |% s- [0 c( X) s0 n
7 J) g3 l6 x3 f$ u0 j不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
) c+ E& z+ u: w也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
* b. D% N% ]" l3 r人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 5 g. g1 w2 R. ?7 |4 ^% A
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
% T$ z7 c, W* p, [+ D) c* {7 Vthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
+ V; I% }" X7 v# v5 umillions of people to lives of despair. 1 J* V* d4 u/ x7 c/ c( u
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
/ }5 E0 }. E+ z" i; s* V上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 * J; u% _5 H- D, x0 o8 h8 w$ ]
: f; w2 P+ e$ y, f; e, EI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g , M9 p2 n, A* ^; N& ?, u
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 4 ~; z9 [/ T8 t. S6 Z; |
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
M5 u. i8 Q# T" V9 C2 Ne discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron . J- A, O6 b1 s6 r5 f4 S, ]
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
( G2 G2 A& o3 z, Mcing inequity is the highest human achievement. 7 T) e; |+ `' @/ S
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
, A$ j% d- Q' a [7 n3 D/ Z& J: W现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
8 N7 n! p2 R' P3 p+ x+ V' f泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
. Q6 @8 O" r, e3 S5 T0 T- Meducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 8 y" G+ \# ^2 u1 W+ j
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou B5 b' ]/ g. O, P' G* `+ b
ntries. : c( N1 I5 ?- U& K+ }2 ~& z" z6 f
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 + w! g& ]8 z3 C2 u1 \* z" m/ t
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 % L& U) ?3 Y3 z2 S) u3 o( ?8 H+ z5 s
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It took me decades to find out.
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! q, d) e% p; i% j' C6 _我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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& ?7 c: h1 g, ~$ c- P( ^You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
7 f+ L/ l1 L# j6 I: a, eld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
: g% x. b# v1 G9 W& T }you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
( J4 F- v: N; ygy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. 0 B2 M- H( p+ b3 n8 A& ^; e* T6 u% H" f
K P5 J3 k0 [8 P, e) d在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
" o, L# [* w# B! R3 K" P世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 , l4 K, m3 u8 p& i# H; x6 h
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
d# M, R1 V/ Y! f+ M个问题。
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0 ]0 z, P* D6 M) ~3 e2 h2 o# i9 ^Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and , |, u. F# F7 n
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 9 u) O7 U' p! X J1 }# L
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
! l9 ~2 U, G" A+ t0 X3 t/ Bves. Where would you spend it? ]# e! l( x" C2 F2 [3 f" F* a
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
" B3 m& Q% `* K6 s6 t6 H6 w7 Y钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
; T+ Y* s7 s+ i) H你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
3 \( t9 Z" p* I# y) G! tfor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
1 t7 b" C* I+ {' ^* k" J的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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0 F) ?. m. X0 L. I; J8 l$ s1 C" QDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
+ v# n$ z; r$ whe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea ; r; W! A" f- d2 g
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu 5 |! m0 J9 R. P9 g+ V: n
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav + Z0 m% B& f |% x5 {# k% T" @
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United ; a) j( Z& b8 @* l; o# t
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 " G# D$ ]% b g4 U1 e( L
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ! T; w- y, ], G
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
. @! K5 j8 K% |: n: B亡病例也没有。 / e+ Y* X+ a, t' v6 \3 z M
! {' H+ R4 l# {" h) @$ ]We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 8 ^ B* S2 F8 {: P
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del - g/ H0 V( \+ u) X1 m5 J5 f, p. B
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer % a' y7 Q) [7 c/ D$ Q
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. % t5 B, m# c& |! a' ~
8 ^1 T# ^, d1 q* Z我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, 1 `5 D* }0 K7 {) g" l6 C" F! i: t5 _
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 3 _8 I$ S. }! C
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
3 P$ Q' b. X+ i# \1 Wome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " 1 N: X* G0 u4 z* @& J+ ?
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
" f' |4 r# x& R( `4 K8 Piving."
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4 R% d) ?4 o6 i2 a7 t如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 + }( q) s+ M) n$ `
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 * H, N0 s. k! F8 l- M9 ~5 u
是我们努力的头等大事。” 6 u- ?: X6 ~0 ~; O, T
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
( a' ~1 ?, w7 W4 ]6 P( i4 jw could the world let these children die?" 3 [* W' C4 W1 _ z' z6 y+ W; d# ~" f4 M
% ~* j, h& j/ R4 n9 O1 A; Z所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 ' C5 H5 m$ w' D, c
这些孩子死去?”
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1 `! r2 n; F0 d* X% } L& ~The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
. N! z5 O3 ^$ f4 B: G- m+ q- Athese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be ; L$ m) M) s4 Q" I6 S
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
) p7 q$ ? `2 g( P* G( F! L8 yin the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
$ W: }+ c! x3 F8 C; W& a5 B; y# j) [+ c会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
. y3 I. L, `; q有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both. ( q" s2 e" i$ g+ `5 [
6 Y0 P; k* E( x1 B$ w6 j+ B但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 . x/ w. P( a: N! X
9 _2 H u! e3 M+ k+ i- X8 ~% A$ ]We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
; J' H- |0 r9 }1 ]eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more 1 ^4 j0 J( E7 K( _
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s 2 c. u w6 h7 `: z9 ?
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w * r* c; [' c1 P( P* V9 Q: i
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 0 g+ Z' M/ R( v% A7 w: t
ple who pay the taxes. ) B; R/ o2 K" c# N' o) c
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
3 E4 H- r3 u9 X8 h% A! q3 U; f7 b! w——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
: y* Q7 g9 L5 o( f4 Y& o n. k,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 ( x* }7 t8 ]' C2 n6 V4 K
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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* c9 o$ F* z9 h+ u) |If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat 7 O0 W' n9 x" ]7 D$ T
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain - m, Y5 m1 n! B, i, V
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
3 Z# m( N9 e0 H7 Z8 yr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ) V6 J- w( y# d3 g/ z. n
world. h3 | }4 A8 N; |3 D* |, g$ J) }
) E; o0 H- U9 U, W; V
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 9 g5 l7 _, ]; q& O! ~# M1 C
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
* O2 Q3 U# e1 {8 m6 K5 o0 x( Y; s的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 $ f: k2 }( _0 R; Q
/ M7 v3 o0 N' J6 q5 ~# }
5 r9 ^. [! M E0 MI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
: f z/ ^+ Y' @. F" }3 _* vno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
: s( P. q5 ^( q1 e9 ]- ce with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely : A" T2 q$ T: Z$ b6 [, B: F: `
disagree.
% \2 q+ M, s) E/ s: b
) w+ r' Z9 v) D6 l, |' v3 e在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ ( Q ?, H' E! u, p9 S8 y; s) G/ r5 O& e
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 , j( |! X' W/ v4 f* @% L
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
, Z4 I. O. Q O3 P0 k8 G% A4 g0 l0 N2 h h( e
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ' h8 Y( X4 \& e) \' t& R u# I
( U. ?+ t3 W7 c- B
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
9 J! C+ M& G$ P/ b/ M( m
7 T6 U8 H% x+ SAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 4 K: q5 I7 a, D' B2 }' L. O
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, ! H4 _- O t. P) ?. L, R
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 4 E ^8 R+ u, Y# o6 V
ave acted. * i* B9 x( G6 p- ~! }6 ^) `
$ Z/ W G! h' ]: B2 r此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
9 e* \! N+ b6 y8 r0 z( ?伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
3 `; @8 J0 P0 k8 L0 C8 n8 R5 e如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 o2 e3 c; F- T& v4 E( p) B. m1 P
2 W u H' F: G
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
! M7 X- h1 _+ G) d/ p) T4 j/ Y- B, z, x
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 1 q+ `7 ]( o6 f$ P0 f
. T: v% Z/ r5 b/ X$ V4 f: H* x. FTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see , @: \* d. c8 W4 K
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. ! {: n" Q$ I5 G U& A2 S- n
1 h+ B3 U9 |1 b6 O& h3 e* E4 Z
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 $ [# G) G( h. B b, D' q
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 : M( f9 O: z* P- a. H
) x2 n3 M* P; l9 i
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e # I; Q g6 O/ O! l5 Q8 P, {
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
; F/ k! Y, c& Kfficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
7 Q1 b! `/ I8 b& ]1 m$ o, Termine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
4 U7 j! J5 a. W8 d/ |) L0 X ~, k, E! w5 j# ]) ?* a, {* m4 a
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
! a: y( ]9 I2 ~" D6 y架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 8 N' X2 v8 b& s) r& X
再次发生类似事故。
8 i7 }3 D8 r5 I: F) @+ k7 q6 t6 |* d! d2 G+ T
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people . L9 d& X1 s# i
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ! G0 s% J! ^) T" U4 @, Z
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve 2 U6 q7 Y5 y# B; E+ L
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." . X' m* x6 W; k! a J6 l- @5 A
/ H+ {$ Y& z" W% X但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
) c u& f: P5 ^2 V之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 9 z! j( Q- o. L4 n
。” 2 {6 @6 B5 N* Q6 S5 M* r
' i- B8 ^7 y) o* w. [
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea ' t6 w @. ?/ V N
ths. - G7 {0 Q- P( P
- V' H' I% r# R& X
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
& c7 t& A# B0 @; m& I( y9 B* [" F7 z- G; o! w* B0 I" y
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
+ V4 S. D0 a; I/ g6 Zions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's , s1 i8 ]3 e+ _0 v; ]% w+ q) H% p9 d( N
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult / B& P+ e. ]/ k& x9 b1 K2 p
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat % N2 @; o2 B, U' E. c: ~7 p, A$ O
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. ( H1 D- Z. t/ h2 q. m: Q' E
5 x& A* |3 }. s/ r, Z
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
: B, F, }2 l( {$ ]2 E. y。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 % D) F1 x4 F* D+ L/ }
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
# J+ Q( Y; y* a2 X" @+ ~# _何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
. s6 J; Y+ z% D, ]- u; J; p: y8 U0 \
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
, i; ]. @! E+ O3 Vstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. . R9 A: x6 e( H
! X. e# E @6 a3 ~! e: m" z1 r就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
# M! o- T# g W& ^- P) D; m的事件中找到解决办法。 5 _3 S" ~- U" W3 B6 o* Y! }
* N! h7 Z% a8 L
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
- j1 n( g3 M: r/ r @& u! b1 Q* Je have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho & i& I7 k% E& O$ w1 O, l3 Z
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th , \/ j/ ~6 w$ e4 W @6 G# m1 h
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o - a7 y3 c( R# ?) x/ ^1 P
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 0 L! o9 V6 s3 f1 q. K
matter.
$ k! M; u0 r. a2 W5 h4 {/ D) s4 y J1 P- c
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 |" Z+ P/ S, ~ b
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 ! F% P% b0 R" }" m+ Q6 [
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 . y" P8 p' o" N
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
& m$ F$ b* T$ c; w" a4 V实际效果。 m) W* F' h' C: v# i
! z* [0 B& t5 D8 F* x' N) B
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st , ^. D# q/ J9 _1 O/ V
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
2 k1 b+ Z( d5 o. V: D1 Ytechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
2 M/ m- Q1 L2 \8 ]0 K9 f4 e/ rion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
& y |: l. H6 v' P% Kcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
5 f" q3 d# Y3 H- }; L9 v+ Y+ [0 y- ?8 ?( J$ G' l
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, - j; }! o; ~4 K, m
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 : Z6 l; S. ^9 n a: f" o8 I% U
是最简单的蚊帐。 % s7 s* t' W! M) ?5 _
4 w2 q7 \& X& k: J8 f/ r
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
' \6 f( n, r* c6 J1 x) `disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
5 d. Q) v0 a9 v8 ?ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
' l% ]+ \' T1 M( rs, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
3 o7 S C' T4 ^' r! y1 dkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 1 j# P" {- T; U4 A. W4 c
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe & P" k/ q: Y' G
ople to avoid risky behavior.
@7 C1 }5 M% J; D$ O$ _2 [( M' T' L1 U2 j9 i
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 ( `' Z# u. y. u$ ?7 U* y
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
7 o; ?3 y9 ~7 D/ A7 [2 W6 d! a" G" `金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
& z/ D+ I. |( J# E4 s$ D时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 , ^) e# D+ q* @/ H$ _* w) `. n1 b
为。
2 H7 B$ m( U* k' |/ `& o
: t. p1 t4 J' g. N4 c/ o/ {( MPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The & d+ R* K6 R4 V2 S/ H8 e
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
7 { Y2 p+ }# D4 o" Pd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t $ U5 \$ H! O" v4 L+ L* I6 S/ P2 \
o complexity and quit.
1 I% K4 A4 r7 c; b0 ]3 L) b
7 K) H7 J0 D1 y4 \. I要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
" B0 T& p6 p! A# ^停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 7 v9 y+ H, v. B6 z* q |
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
/ |, d' B+ n' D! d, Z2 j
9 v% Z3 J) t* K/ u* dThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 0 p G' f! I- W" G
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
* _# P* g6 h6 s8 l) Phers learn from your efforts.
9 E. A) D+ v; R. I
1 }" p- l8 o i9 D" p& y# z0 J在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 , E- U8 ~( @/ }# q
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 / l- ]4 ?" w( g6 w
8 S& f: O7 ^! p7 FYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 8 L) c8 [ y: y* P
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a ; Y! b0 Z4 K. P1 [' r- _' C: w2 m
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
2 j' x+ D( M# ^: _* A8 z8 I) Inot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b ; Q( t# ?7 O7 m
usiness and government. 8 Z, W1 v( h7 t8 W" ?7 U0 ~, K9 P
9 C" @% M: n& o当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
$ _$ g9 Q/ o3 P$ ?! A' B4 [。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 6 x" T! Y( r6 {7 [+ P
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
8 L8 y& _: T; z; g u8 a6 }) b* x
# h+ Z6 n& j% _, | i) M$ Z- w& @But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
# Q8 ^; T# z2 p$ kumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
3 v) X* L3 V% Y8 Dwhat saving a life means to the families affected. 6 t' v7 V4 d; G0 D# `1 ?: ]3 L
, N2 z# u8 T1 G% }* f3 W1 `但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ' Q0 `8 e$ `. \5 ?/ Q0 b
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 }* D$ B `# U& E) t, m* S) P
的家庭到底意味着什么。
2 Z. l$ P3 a9 e- }4 \5 D5 Y( O I: V( j. F
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
, c: C$ g! R% Z. [: vthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
8 z& L' i& A. q; f0 b$ u/ [rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye - J) \% N% d- J5 b3 r h- ]( Z
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c * p3 B0 O6 M8 B
ouldn't bear it. . f9 C4 t+ I4 J2 G# P5 C7 b8 P7 L
1 t3 F7 e3 ^+ l) ~几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 0 A& }/ `* p) A! e
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 % e" |$ \+ ^. r8 A. f" m7 ?
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 1 h% m+ X+ L$ w1 @- H! S+ o
我无法强迫自己听下去。 4 C, g w% w" b" c. O% _$ i
. J* v) C5 U& y& u5 F7 Q! U
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
+ z: u& i) e2 {, Y2 S* y) Devent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
0 N' P; r8 B; d- K9 o: `+ Rhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited # M0 ]" L0 x3 S
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l + J7 E; n- j5 A# P+ b0 \+ o; v# P- ?
ives? - P- X$ U' J6 S
/ l# Q' D. M9 C8 E9 |; n
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
) w" O" L7 j# M0 h4 T4 J2 E众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
; d. S! b3 _/ f让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
5 p8 o: n& t- \1 u3 `& o, J2 ^% ?1 J* g$ s2 k. w
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
7 e1 c% V4 m( L. D: G0 y# R% m1 qAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
4 D7 W0 [6 j% p' O3 g
/ H) a) ^) [- q' M% @- \' n. D2 Y除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 ( A# q) n4 L5 f8 B
点,并不是一件简单的事。
. J, p: E1 y# J- a& F
: O, {# q9 {- Q e' U1 ~8 pStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too * `. ^: K% F; n+ _* j
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 7 S% R/ F* H& Y. t% A, t& C5 f
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur - ]: h1 w! g4 `& c1 z$ B
e can be different from the past.
* o/ a- V% d5 V6 {6 l
. R5 E! ^( @7 {: ~) `' Z3 E同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, ' ^( d' j6 [% t6 [# f+ ?
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 , L3 j {) L' E( U$ ~- V
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
3 D% ~6 S& e: G+ n3 o g0 @: n) y3 \4 g
) Y( E q% h ^( IThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute % F [9 p5 i/ I, `0 _) ^( m
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
# l/ O3 t& V4 ?; \( @rty and end death from preventable disease. . B' j/ N F8 A/ ^3 H
+ H& O1 ^) z& ]$ | S这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
7 }* W$ N- j4 b- `% h4 N. s一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 " R' a( V0 l5 t- @. y8 ~
0 a) x% B9 d" w
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
/ a+ b" @7 b, x/ D, c3 on to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
- p/ J- y; c1 ]7 O# v2 r/ N+ Y" Fs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
; w$ f& S6 E( }cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
, C- [+ y: R0 v- mor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
5 A% Z+ x5 Y) _; d" G; cvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o : r! c- {) Z4 C& X% W5 Z
f the situation." 9 m, Q2 H1 M, @' p4 G' s
1 h+ Z' h* e& S4 l1 l/ C1 z
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 % C$ j' a5 b! V e& e3 m
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
: S. K, E* {( ~7 a- V- V源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 2 U5 Y8 h& l& N5 _% [5 m) P
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
3 ]3 ]' V. Y% `
) Y: _" X0 Z" u yThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
0 N+ S5 c: R$ Y3 x8 o0 t5 b, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 2 R+ ?6 i8 Z% f8 Q& [
isible, less distant. 8 L7 A' g- k% Y9 S. }
' i9 l% H, t& C6 A- V
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
: G5 |* D& G( F1 p. y- k/ K刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
/ ]: Z6 S0 D8 A5 j9 A' _ V5 m8 Y+ G3 ]- a# {
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 3 j: ^, \! U% d1 e
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
( V" i2 s5 n% h4 e2 c. k- x
2 ^% W, G8 f4 T1 A低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 5 H2 s$ S" Y! \" X
大的机会。
+ S4 R" s4 p* M, _
" o' o! I$ x5 j: P4 n* JThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
" w$ D. K8 B1 d8 n; [/ I, X% Wd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
7 H/ l& n% O+ d5 l0 Trilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 6 V. r2 o9 }( A4 G4 O3 w
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. % n$ U. p5 Y* s7 M5 E
/ a8 d- s% N6 h' y+ S
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 * M+ m& r5 \' e& M# J
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
! y7 }3 s0 L9 i e8 ~大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 ! j* i* S4 p$ t, X' ?" ~
: s9 [' K$ F! |/ @
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol x5 c7 v+ S/ W& a% H4 b/ m' B1 }
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di ; s2 |2 i+ ?' j# y+ U
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
! n. T' j: z8 h% lho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t + \0 g3 I4 u+ _* g
o the world. 7 x" U# P. E& c6 s1 J$ r% c
! c: \$ S6 H; J6 k4 Q8 I* |4 g与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 % q/ q) B( S: s: @: j" B9 w
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
( Z: C" c5 i: [人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 " X6 M+ r- a/ d! s! w- O
! s4 W( {" q' T, t7 TWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because & m8 w( U1 U. @* P( }- u
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 8 U6 s$ ^0 Q; M1 o. ^1 [
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f 4 u7 v! d' N) _0 y! l; J/ i
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
2 @- {1 V0 S; Y7 J: W; x ]see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
4 H3 t/ z2 A$ a, I2 J1 v6 ?ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
8 Y3 ^* z ?5 X7 u$ }( N6 T
. x! ~: S% H: P7 m1 W8 \' l/ k0 r% p
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 4 j9 C3 `- \! w7 ^
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 # ?( c- Y, }) N- f' ]5 n6 a- X2 p
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
" z! j# ]% D/ h& u& A改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 , M2 s5 q0 a) l5 O
5 h e! z7 W5 H
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection 7 ]# x3 E( ^, o9 Q& ^+ }( O
s of intellectual talent in the world. 9 a! e( m* e4 z; Q
+ ]- N# n2 x0 G; B' _$ J哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 ! W% H6 y- ?+ Z
3 m$ ?; b5 {$ a) ?What for?
: o7 F, q9 x: Y3 \: x/ N
0 g2 Z* b* _; E/ L( `2 S* g/ c我们可以做些什么?
* l; a8 c. G/ r' e3 i
! _" m& [, T! T9 i, C- e2 lThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
' F4 R6 M3 v; R8 Y& |actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
4 ^! z/ @" S& p( A2 G- [0 Fd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
/ V% Q7 X4 j* n: w5 I7 ?improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
3 M+ S. n# ~* G6 m; p( h5 g- e S+ w4 Z" q3 l
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
( N* o3 U7 G* L7 G5 m3 ^的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 " {4 y3 z% c# y& u
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? + L+ L* N9 Z: c' J" y
' ^+ _' B. K1 u
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead ( w7 P7 {2 V# q9 B$ v U. w% Q, k
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
- O6 g( t6 s9 b+ Q- i$ hand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: ! C4 o. ]7 T* w1 V
# Q% z$ j8 D, K3 ~+ C
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 0 s2 }" X* `5 W$ e
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: B" u: q) {% `# U& @0 q3 C
5 Y+ b; q6 q" N- S5 Q; L |' N! Y8 H& D! a. d7 }$ L
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
/ G C& ^ d' e4 B7 o; p' R( ?
k& f& c; \: Z我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
) S+ {& p" S3 a8 e Q9 p b8 W# I. j9 k! J8 U' R+ q
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
: X/ n2 E" c7 GShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale 3 _ S9 n+ x8 E! l
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch * ^9 U0 ?3 O" Y0 t2 [
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
! a# ^) D" K' @' M: p4 H: J9 ]' s: f# r8 U0 e8 X/ Y- {
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 ! n/ ~$ Z7 P1 U) |
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… 7 n }' w* @1 z8 ]( Q+ S4 P
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? / |# \3 ^" P; W1 E- |
( }( C" P x8 ^3 S7 DShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's # w- f5 c+ V9 l' L' W
least privileged?
5 H: U- r# Q$ J' k: R. j/ _: T$ A+ U( F% K& K( Z5 C1 F6 `( d8 C9 t
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? , g" ^, U+ f/ y4 ~3 c+ ^
% l- j& `5 }" r
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. - p, [9 E2 O3 J6 S+ i$ g
* @$ X2 s3 P+ e0 b5 z1 X$ ^" P这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
: \7 l6 [$ X% Q& W7 d3 @, e3 B- D) J. E* Z$ @5 ?9 J4 y2 P5 R. R$ D
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
' M! p3 z9 w$ \( a4 x( }ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 0 ^( k( b$ N/ T
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had - b t( C4 F! }, l( r0 s2 e
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
$ n ~3 @4 y1 K- law one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 7 b/ J$ Y; p/ r" B, o
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
* S+ K+ k9 g' G$ l3 \
$ b) E0 e- G; _: `5 c4 |8 b我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 ! A5 x& @4 `7 R# o8 @
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 + z( Y8 |- |1 N9 B2 R# K' ]
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 + i% R# V: W# B/ Z. b
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: ) n& Q) [/ n, [9 W% ? q
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
: o+ G- D5 {* h的期望也就越大。” ! Y+ R1 \# a. R4 ^$ P) Q$ P" [/ s( a
' d3 u1 j5 y, Z8 I# B; [1 m Q
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal " P% k8 `3 ~9 e
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world % y- U$ a" L% d% e1 ?6 v
has a right to expect from us. / o- s2 E, [' c- ]
0 M" N! Y3 q6 J9 t$ ?想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 : P2 V3 ]+ F' S
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
3 P2 |- b& D+ S1 ^% D- G! H" q5 E1 e. g: ?) O& V
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h - }& W1 h( R/ K, D9 X+ {+ f
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
% X/ }) n: b0 p/ }. Tecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome . c7 S$ D. z: F9 L1 C. H: a
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we " c' ?+ i! V$ i" l) e# _
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 7 h. u5 W& c" P" R2 M
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
, V9 t8 q) T# B( X1 D
& l9 @3 y- E) T8 e
7 v$ H1 f6 A; a P& w, X+ T( V同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
, [* Q5 O+ \9 s8 @题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
& r3 I! q& N3 t3 V专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
$ H- n# T4 i5 x你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
2 K- E: ~, j6 Z/ H/ |; ^# F: g找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
4 m4 W+ {; X3 p7 r8 F
& o4 D/ w, F+ d4 |0 j7 E! yDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi . ~2 V3 \7 ]0 V6 V2 j
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 2 g7 k4 G2 B0 ?. i: h: ]% T) u8 j
' v& o2 m3 s: }3 A1 T( j不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
5 x* E8 L' B, T己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 " G3 D7 t2 C; H2 A
5 @/ g: e5 w+ Y a, OYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 4 n8 q& `2 D c, i- q
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
3 K. [8 s5 @6 S" s0 R% yal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 5 v( T1 K: O- |9 C v
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
6 u( D0 D* l8 {: C. C5 ~6 F. `5 Yhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had * c1 |4 z2 f) ?! p
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. : K3 I0 w4 ^1 X6 ^
3 J0 C9 `7 |5 u+ t
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 5 {. u7 }6 Z# }
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
7 _2 \( I& w7 I, K; [5 _0 t时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 . _0 A. I6 B. n2 \
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
* x0 v& G8 |( i) ]更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 # B1 X D! z9 I: _6 _8 z+ a$ U" A% e
$ ^, u0 n* ]" v' m: K
Knowing what you know, how could you not?
( a5 e0 ]7 G7 r* o$ }4 {
" a" G h8 i0 K6 k+ Y s+ v9 N# x+ w知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? 3 C: U/ S k+ ^! ^5 W
% n# i/ ^) `( S% Z( [8 ]And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ) {% {% O7 v0 K% u" ^
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 5 s; f: v" q! t; @# L$ x( ?* U
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
6 \" g# D1 U+ E# Nyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
6 S$ i4 H& u5 T! Y leople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
9 |% ]* q. g- O% V, T* b* m- Q# L3 _/ X! v0 h F6 L
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 8 C$ ]0 d' w+ P6 Y! D s
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
; K K, Z; j3 r; R, M5 h8 B变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 : X; j( E8 d; ?1 a# \6 Q# D
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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