|
2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
, ~- i% l! r$ J" H+ E比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 % p$ y0 c$ ?! b/ x: Z
9 O( W, b2 k |. \4 w' ~
2007年6月7日
: ?' [8 f4 p0 \2 o! Y# @3 c2 {7 p! p- l) Y* z
阮一峰 译
- `& L5 J7 O$ D% ~4 M# g9 _. D' S9 X8 O4 Y
4 m9 A$ w( d; W6 q2 s
+ Q7 q7 E0 q. ^ Q' @1 ~( o5 u. v
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
; ], m) S: u1 i/ A3 H( Mof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, 1 w9 c' U; j( X
parents, and especially, the graduates:
/ p% n, z9 W0 o/ I
- ^3 D9 j: ^# t$ ~尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
! T/ u% H8 P8 m" F: V/ B1 x; K" t理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: $ D; e* M, G, n! o
' y8 K5 Y- y: M% j" a. m
I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
9 o1 z4 u: u* C. |come back and get my degree."
$ t1 `% f2 K% y' @9 ?, `6 ]
X1 }8 S" y# L0 t有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
# D) n, s& t7 I5 z1 k学位的!” : U1 `! ^; Z G! w3 I( K4 C
. m8 ^# \+ X, q% U$ WI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
% J. ^, i1 c3 D( e+ W- Car … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
8 R# A/ U& P- C. R8 e* B" ?
# m/ o1 \3 J; c5 \" y. s我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
- T. V1 }7 j/ `/ \, @' b- }退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 K7 \' f5 s! f% P6 }
: g2 G' Y- M" W j( jI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 5 l- b7 P$ s3 r3 ? G D' a
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos 0 ^, c! Q% G* R; \) m" M2 e! n
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c - w& P. H3 j" V- h0 r* F5 d) V! @
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. % ~; ?5 u, v6 A7 F0 t7 y( q; u2 v
5 V( J/ O3 F: p* [
我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
! ] m9 k1 o: |# O3 M4 `哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 ( U8 S! K7 }' E2 S3 q
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
8 z. @- P0 Z% `4 d$ O6 ?
$ j# P' z/ m& y9 gBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
$ G9 ^5 N9 k+ F2 s$ aof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
- b) F9 L/ }2 z5 _# g6 syour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
( c- h5 E& N* kre today. 2 U& `3 |8 o& N
1 K1 N& I& V% F( u" r但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 2 h% Y) J! |3 w7 v
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
) M2 B' N/ w" N) z# A3 ]$ m* T。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 0 n( h7 {9 Y- a; u9 d
吧。
, \6 K6 F) O; J. [/ R& ] _% ]/ q( ]) u) j: ?+ c; D1 o; O
Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
) q# [0 p. ?! D' {. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li ) F! b. f" n$ X- a6 M; K' o' ?. L4 v
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 6 b4 ^3 s$ c8 @' M
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ' @: T& s) Z: X9 D% E
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
* ~! }1 g+ G! ~; I* J( B2 _e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali / T" V+ {( j; q* H7 @: A) C
dating our rejection of all those social people. - k& E0 w! v) a: w$ L( L R
8 B, O$ a5 a; W' X; C: ^) {
对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
4 g4 {& |) ^2 ^$ W5 C课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
' P8 \6 H1 i% q+ o$ _) E6 M多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
) }8 z$ D. D6 R7 ?我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 7 z% b5 J& q6 P0 N
的姿态。 + D" A: m. _; Y
% @% z/ Z7 p+ ^% w
Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most - e4 C! q9 z! m9 B5 D1 A9 L
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
) M* e% |% b s: S% J3 }, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi # h/ y: L% r8 Q" b: T
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. * H( h) S T- J
$ A! H: }. A& P' d+ ~6 d' m
Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
; r( F0 [; @5 F* [, g种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
) z: f) U) i% ]+ S人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
" s* |/ f. `- r# }6 r- D# v3 \6 J4 K4 k9 }* s3 R
One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call : Z" d; r( M+ U }: m5 U4 o, n
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
: Z1 T9 y1 ~9 id's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ( S+ S; t9 I) T) U
/ j. G$ D( r) P+ _; ]$ N我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
0 f1 i9 s- \# X的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
2 w5 W% B' q# B s. t, W/ u5 x他们出售软件。
/ ?. e1 a7 @9 j" o) |1 V% m& i( T$ I: {
I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o " d, c- {) [0 @. t t: l
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
& K. \5 O3 r: T4 Gh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
' h: H: W5 @/ U9 a# g8 z J* }0 ent, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
/ Q* y, a% G& d+ A, [$ iend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
2 r3 U* B( k- H2 k1 dcrosoft.
% Q2 h) L L k6 e" X4 @2 V7 C
( a9 z3 u/ `' S5 t$ R& A1 Z我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 ; C: w1 ~9 D" _; P
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 . ]" Q7 F, Y: H( O! [
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
, ]8 ^9 I9 Z0 M生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 8 Q q9 l0 I( P- p7 T/ S6 ]3 N- w: x
5 I5 r9 M2 S/ `: ^* @# kWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener 0 F7 H& L" ~0 d: I; a: l' g
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 7 q. ], w8 S9 Y% Q: u! { K
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
6 u' R# b' r+ `7 j; _4 CI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
6 [6 @# A3 ^0 o9 s0 Z" J! r7 T, and the ideas I worked on.
: I' d' |9 U6 |/ g5 L) s4 X" M# I" q! A0 Q9 w( c& B* p5 H+ ?. m
不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
/ P6 E4 _6 f) E0 ~也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
* j- g! Y: S3 {+ R( g人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
+ p# Q. Z5 l. Z( [里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
2 ^: x1 b7 ~# H
' F% Q2 D0 [3 [* V7 {But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
& c ?0 W" X% r p9 \
: E5 V5 A, ^7 r1 m l) ]但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
" p; i) y3 O- o9 c7 n
) X6 M& ?. n1 R# u) {I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
) J- o6 h. W) S1 \9 o a, I" k* Jthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn , y* s. B$ B6 f6 f+ p# D
millions of people to lives of despair. + a* n) b0 C8 {. @" M. N
7 _- k9 }( I, r我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 / n; Z, F6 c$ c/ [3 C, a
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
6 n7 ^7 X- ~1 J
9 }; p/ b: b$ a" x' g9 d% ^9 M" yI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g 3 q7 G( y# b3 G: G
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. - I' W: F$ Q# @1 i3 f2 M9 v
6 P; S8 w" }( n$ v' P7 E8 r
我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
, T* ^8 a( P7 m" ?# n
$ v, m. ~: }0 e$ @$ qBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
) p2 Y& {# }: {! C2 A0 u6 k* _e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
# T0 J% k& d, p$ `g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
1 X4 V: I: ?9 d9 D0 S- hcing inequity is the highest human achievement. 0 m- [7 J9 x% d
/ j0 w; W7 A1 s3 x# X: c( |; d {
但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 & ]% s; g1 f4 ?& E( _0 u
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
( }* ~1 P( {! b% G4 E- ]6 E8 ~ \泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 ; `! g) ~* d* k7 g- _; T
5 \" ^* m1 x6 b) ` \I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
. u: e, I! o/ \, s. xeducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 4 S4 ~6 p9 r6 }! d: A2 w7 C
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
- N; X5 x% g6 j. qntries. 4 ]4 m! [3 k. m
1 _; R' u* s% K9 R8 _' e我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
( L6 a1 [& [' q, H/ @; n7 y会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 ! a! m; `8 d. s3 A, r$ `7 X* ^
3 f( V9 e( X2 Y2 b$ z
It took me decades to find out.
3 ^' C# V4 d1 ?7 Y( k5 a2 O: L
- X S& i' B2 Q我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 3 Q) Z9 i# M* w! O7 c1 M
! c: R+ m4 S4 ~- B3 gYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 0 p( A! w1 ]$ _4 |9 i
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
& q; |0 Q0 H3 r6 d# [you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
% o" g8 F' b- r' v9 f! Igy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. + H O" G# X5 \: B2 C; ^, u
- m) J( s, U, B% O& f& ?1 }4 a在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 5 A7 p, Z5 t I8 q) Q* y
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
2 I6 u& c/ B8 r4 E& A是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
+ h0 @, W& H/ `- e' I0 a1 [个问题。 : m+ Q, J2 p1 q0 l9 M
! q+ b O% | bImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
6 s0 G/ w9 h* t, \8 va few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
% P2 ^) i+ p4 p( o8 S1 Be and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
( _: C) S" k2 F( e/ v" q7 [* d0 `ves. Where would you spend it?
0 t- k. V- N3 U5 z7 {" x H1 @+ \# Z3 ~7 |! e* g# N% j
为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 4 o! }4 x. \1 S+ C h+ ^$ [, F( Y
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
: {; k8 J0 B% p* Q' ~. Q你会选择什么地方? 8 u9 s6 m) M- r" h' Y. m
" _- y! Q& q2 x* |' L/ |1 nFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good ' m" w( p! _1 `7 X8 T$ I; N, w
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
' p" G# v6 c% A$ R ?
6 i% d5 l1 M: p- M对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
; Q: I/ @& q* X# \! G. P; ?的资源发挥出最大的作用。 ; G: `% G8 }, d u8 x. G
9 @: k$ M0 t! X2 i: [* {During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
\3 a' m6 j) X% dhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
" \: u7 U2 J, Pses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu , l. d/ ]2 g) P$ O( m
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
7 \9 b/ D" H# t& G4 Girus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
6 B# K* J; ~$ A! d- E- M9 K" mStates. % @3 N) a; s4 t6 M+ M
+ \, S, Z5 e7 k3 o. S. i在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
/ M3 F+ n' w9 x- `9 O8 F儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 $ s# ^' l% L5 K5 G Z, ~
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
( ~+ M7 L$ w% v/ J: V亡病例也没有。
3 A5 y9 G! |2 V: p7 B. a- e6 } e: H: {+ q8 F2 W
We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
6 A4 u# ^" ]" b5 ]* N8 Z" p2 i( knd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 4 y" \8 p7 m( K# m
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
- M- `7 `2 X% D+ F/ |2 ~6 X5 Ue interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
8 I7 H j2 v1 B
! U0 O2 ^9 _; _我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
7 R5 p# L7 i. u8 N! V# `那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 , e9 V# B1 c9 `/ k# P# F
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 % \5 v8 O+ F/ s& g- Y
( R- S, W, ^( }& G" n9 N5 y
If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s ; L# A! q. e6 m
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
! R& C/ A: \" T9 n d5 \4 G) c. g7 }This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g 5 h5 ]7 t+ w2 P2 N8 B
iving."
& m4 _1 N! ^2 N W" h! E1 Y+ }& B, l( Z9 X' a |
如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 9 `7 e/ w, b$ ? ?; d
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 A s- n3 s/ H
是我们努力的头等大事。” 1 Y, x# y6 u. m& y% e2 ^# N
1 t/ X0 I3 B3 v1 U1 d6 N5 rSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho * L; }7 N/ x# C- y2 [6 X
w could the world let these children die?"
4 r6 }* l0 q. s$ K. U6 [" x4 [5 ]! o; i1 E# h6 ?3 p" D3 b Z
所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 . {+ r. C$ w) o9 X/ F
这些孩子死去?” : M+ o& e6 C$ ^! @0 a d, E D% [
" W5 P) ? r, A2 S0 x# J# D) EThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of $ I) t, V3 u& i+ V* t
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be 0 ^* s2 \. \( J" p
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice 0 p0 v: \% D5 T# M4 @
in the system.
5 C/ l9 X" h# n6 v k1 D5 ^; }
" ]% K4 b4 d; @答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 / ?2 ]! [$ z9 A/ k" E4 Q( U" _! N
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 " a C+ D. Y3 s" r' ^
有能力发出声音。 : u( R4 c7 K) X. u6 Z
& P; v3 ~9 ?: z" E2 @3 ^But you and I have both. * O$ Q; @ ?5 g/ N& Q' c: f9 C
& H% t1 x! R( |8 |但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
' Y+ k- T- {5 s) b4 K- k4 A1 d. U: f1 s* |, n- y9 q' z$ T
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
7 \ h; o2 m: K+ t4 seative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
: O& F$ E! U$ z" speople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
" P8 V1 e- M3 I) b( a5 D% \# ruffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
- c4 q0 e) @" m5 u& y7 m! H+ vorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo / O/ J6 l: V' ^$ I. h& Z @
ple who pay the taxes. $ U+ X6 ]) C( F' G( n
3 a5 X1 I. i# K; Y7 [/ ?/ \
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 8 a& w" j6 q5 R. h
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 & H4 s% I# S/ S/ i7 k! i5 F3 e( r
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
: n/ q2 u: T q9 Q8 D) k% v& V压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 0 _. W3 `2 G7 {& [/ y
. E& ^9 Z; ~6 Q) |* w8 |
If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
' b8 ^3 w3 }, @& A& I( Se profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain # E+ Y' Y l2 {0 w1 b
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve ' [; U6 r( Y* q* |
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the # L% a! L$ L" o! ~; l8 i
world.
1 u9 D/ F. v: l- S7 i( s7 [0 ^6 l( N% _3 g/ @2 c- X0 W
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 % i" {0 Q' P x* K. X
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 $ n8 Q: g b6 D/ D8 _2 b' P, D Z
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 - p" U+ B D' [6 O
& f5 W+ |: p$ I# Y; f) D7 R$ _* U; z1 M6 b
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
- k7 U6 e; h4 o7 w1 F fno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
* S) l4 c3 b; W0 v3 c {9 Ie with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
. \* p( q, v8 x& x7 y( W* k. zdisagree. l- C F8 j* M6 n$ o6 D( S2 _
3 x ?+ ]' _3 m6 V: [
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
* d5 R, t: X- z* b9 f1 r不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 2 u- w5 k Z6 A4 k6 E' [
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 - m H1 h; a: o
2 p0 J7 P6 O1 B( CI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. 8 O! e+ a/ \: y/ Q1 |: v3 |4 L6 [4 l
' c3 e& {- ^* i& ?; w2 v3 g
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
& a2 x% V9 ]0 S) O3 q2 |" A% c5 e: M) b. v9 U
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies % G! p; h# x& \* g( C
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
( Z6 N! v( @, m! M) ]" H# d7 Zbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
# g% U3 y/ E6 `9 ?/ m7 @ave acted. ! n, i- N& j J R
7 \5 n% V1 O% l" _5 v. z
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 # | Y4 W1 ^! E7 V$ _5 ]$ W
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
2 `+ B+ F- {3 [/ F3 X8 @# U1 {如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 - ?7 x0 O2 |, K
" h# v6 L, k+ B& o' z: X& T8 d2 k
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. % o& I; o7 q( f5 e
, T0 S; v0 c* @. x9 b O
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
4 Y& r% W, e9 l2 R% e. S# K' b1 p5 g
( b, n0 G Q4 A1 Z v9 L& C5 }To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
$ M, n/ \) R+ Q& O2 J7 Wthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
' D1 u& j$ w: E6 e9 H7 u/ n3 L/ e6 e5 u
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 . A' _* X1 @( \4 y% s* P
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 % U4 M5 c' F4 D' _. b
2 _) M4 t8 ^* PEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e 3 B. M6 M) D* f2 |
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o / b0 z4 z( d1 w5 H( f$ [
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 9 ]9 [+ n" d$ W
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
; l6 ?& \& W! W1 Z' Z* t
, `5 m$ G+ @3 D- w7 u( |9 _' G; N即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 4 D$ W' o- t8 C1 t: J" p d* [& O
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
$ ?/ t% f& N0 t再次发生类似事故。
. d3 T1 c7 j" Q+ _7 J5 g7 H; k( ~2 _' @
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
: B8 E' s2 b! @3 ^5 t4 r7 {in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
# E8 ~6 t, t2 I( B. L, c g, m- pf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
6 @6 L* \7 A0 O- A5 f( u; ]the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." $ f$ K2 G4 U6 g; m! f' n4 Q# J3 y
) b; }1 @6 W3 {6 G6 e但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 & r$ P- k. V) U f
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 " A3 S4 L1 r' i+ F$ Z/ j
。” : T5 C7 U; @7 D. j
3 L# h2 R6 @. x: W/ i8 g
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea $ U' F+ R& M' A% A' J% O6 J
ths. 6 {4 t- b6 X0 y* H: L9 ]$ @5 C- X2 Q
: W' [: \3 I) r7 D显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 0 J7 p& H* ] i
. D$ }) f! { C2 B8 z# ?3 JWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill : t! T4 c2 N! Y' F/ O
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's 4 E! _4 x; l+ d9 e+ W6 G8 e* `
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult 6 W6 q$ ^8 Q: h5 W2 ]- ?5 ?/ g7 ]
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 8 [: B% ~1 l; g: b" N% R
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
) [0 q! K% @! U' w0 N
6 w: r. `0 h/ i& X) q我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
6 q5 |2 L( R6 l6 ^( F/ t- L8 x! V。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 7 H& M7 E6 m9 X0 P2 ^
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
1 C5 G/ J: |) ?( L& \何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 1 J2 a" p3 E( F8 t& @
+ q: k. E6 q% y2 y5 NIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
# @5 }( j* Y2 r# K6 I$ K- p( t2 Qstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ' R+ r. l4 G# i
8 c1 P u5 o) }就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
* v5 P7 k5 A& z+ i. [- V% B的事件中找到解决办法。 ; X( F6 w! v* g8 _! o9 q) }# S9 t
0 _6 z3 V5 H# `6 N8 V7 E. I
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ( c0 V' D- p9 a; O9 L0 y; w. s
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho : k$ L! w. t* p/ z& E
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th S+ F4 } B/ t; ~
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
! h+ }4 Z. u( y% yf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
4 A# f, N+ V: X. e- Lmatter. 5 \; l8 q" g% M, o" l5 X' H
- J9 M. O7 S6 M, K. i" ?7 d/ n& o
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 1 }7 F) ?( F) O$ j+ U: e% [
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 ) f& w' O) M# m1 R5 k, y4 `. W4 z% X
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
( X& h6 t6 ^+ q# O, ^, v找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 % j+ E3 b7 ?. `% e5 M
实际效果。 - [- e' P# i, n6 U. T7 ~7 A0 _
4 z5 k# i) p: h1 m4 dCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
) e* c! l6 |' Jages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
3 s C/ t6 J5 Z" H: M2 Y4 ~technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat 2 U3 x4 q; T8 {4 h! C% h
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
. f$ u% {6 O( \1 ~) R7 Ucated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
* X, y) J4 A3 G. T
# |0 z$ Y" w* S. R1 ?! D从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, " w6 E Z! S1 H5 u% Y% B }
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
5 ]& ?7 `* ]( Z) C' E8 {4 P是最简单的蚊帐。
0 ]' b* P. ]- V/ \
7 \3 o! N; C* s8 S6 a% e' u, JThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
, k4 @ E0 Q% _8 A( Cdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou " q# i. L `3 k6 J3 s. R( I
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government & s! `. \4 s0 l! Y
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li : I w, s+ k5 j4 y: m' W- A
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
3 e, w8 B' ?( }1 ^; b/ }4 _' Dwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
: Q# b' M! f/ O, m$ bople to avoid risky behavior. * C' s: ~ e- e$ R5 \
3 g( K( l6 P7 J, q, I艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 ' ] _6 t0 A* p9 m1 ?$ L
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 # v. m" R5 B1 v2 a* Q' v
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 % \) c$ u: @/ E! M; j: `( R, Y, M
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
( ]( a" H$ e7 |$ J. h为。 4 H* j* o6 A! I# l# _
- ^4 A5 B( v0 N& H! M! e4 k
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 7 C" U5 w3 Z7 h
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di ; W% J7 J& _- f$ ]
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t / c6 a. ?; H5 m% R8 h+ p" o
o complexity and quit. % V" k( c/ j5 J8 O' s( q5 D
) q- a; \% J8 L要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
% p: X, \4 h0 {' I. H0 L. z停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 ) x) m- x" h! q6 T" n' q2 o
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 . G4 T' c( \# t5 |0 z9 l/ R
$ E8 n( X2 E; _6 T4 b& f& F+ A
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
G- }8 @1 {4 I6 fasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
9 x3 Q: i9 G7 J9 R& w) nhers learn from your efforts. % X; ^8 \% Q% Y
7 I; R8 C+ \5 z在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 + v- c9 J8 ]& a0 j0 x
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
; ~4 f) U0 i, m2 Z" s' l) G; Q. M8 V
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
- Z5 e2 Y: k4 p8 V5 Eprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 3 Z" t, |5 B% x
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential : i' A8 _% P$ x& z# D' G3 I! a1 Q# e
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
' E+ G/ T* U, ~4 U7 C, J$ {8 cusiness and government. ; `! U/ x/ P" b3 T7 K6 T
) Z2 W; C2 R. Q n# ?. Y. I& C当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
/ k/ d. m* o9 G# ]. L1 Y。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
; I+ O; R6 u: q/ B9 z: b ? E- e项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 ' l& X1 B0 V- S: k H4 v- Y$ e! I
$ {8 P( p( B9 Y! Y: a7 m! {
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 4 p" t8 a; h, k; m
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
( T- C" I( `0 L, h8 Kwhat saving a life means to the families affected. 5 Q6 a7 n' @2 M9 J
& s, Z' H$ w* S3 h$ L$ v3 d- _. f但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; % Z( T- T( q; Q2 R' y
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 1 I) g# q8 |; r6 Y+ v
的家庭到底意味着什么。
: p/ P4 i% ~7 ]2 Y1 W+ N" z) ~9 V) [2 a; f- K/ g1 k
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 3 e- R4 i6 X# I9 w% @
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 6 F: U0 i) ~4 l' m4 i
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye " }) w1 J( v' e2 U3 C' Z2 H
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c $ I) U, _8 [: s# Y
ouldn't bear it.
8 Z% }* ^3 T5 f& ]$ R1 Z' X( a* S0 L C+ w( |7 `( [) V
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 & y; N; ?& M$ t+ h$ M
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
/ }1 T( H, n5 l9 i. P8 N这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
1 b a1 X0 P' y我无法强迫自己听下去。 ) ^$ ^# h9 {' J/ H! P+ q0 j5 |
+ {- b( X$ e1 N& Y) }What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an - `: x- }% b' z. V( Q
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
; S9 J @! v0 K2 t/ k* ^had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 9 C* d( u7 p9 Z% L% C
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
7 r) A. p0 s7 {' C$ u" C4 uives? 1 C" ?4 a) b4 u( m7 j1 f
2 o4 y8 i8 `( J/ I: O8 R* u C那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 3 f# A! O6 \/ }
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 " y s4 q+ c1 `4 K7 H( }
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 7 ^0 j1 Z# E5 T4 }" b+ U7 h
Q$ Q% _. t" i9 p4 L, JYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
& B" K. C6 G/ \5 o$ BAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
* l! w0 P7 w9 @5 r K
6 r2 r+ V7 h( @8 z/ G/ K/ Z除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
1 q: `! [+ f9 f% Z" e. t点,并不是一件简单的事。 & r: I& q( x4 E. U
& C1 p5 W& S3 _& E3 v
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
$ R' Y0 x4 `+ r: r% @ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 0 \8 s1 G, }7 T0 C6 ], `
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur / z& u0 b+ @ N1 n# H( O- d% K# m
e can be different from the past. 8 o. L- @/ J- o& M6 I
! X5 t! M5 {7 Y$ }! B同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, * _+ L+ B: ~8 I4 k
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 # n- G W' |$ Z4 M, i
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
8 Z/ N: @: X6 g' j7 A/ Q2 T6 l2 A' S( Q+ t5 Q, Z9 R2 i- Z: v/ C0 y
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 8 {- f' X0 [! v) S% r4 e- _ _
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
, e6 n) `* p- s, X$ \rty and end death from preventable disease.
7 c7 v+ P, Y8 e3 B) F8 Z9 E) u
# W1 i. f) }% d+ Z2 U' J这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
( F; v# v J' r$ y' K一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
0 K3 E; o, s$ @& n% f
6 A! a6 _" w$ f3 VSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
7 e. Q! T$ e0 J& P2 w' \n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
- J/ K* s; s+ w/ f$ |( ~# p' hs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 8 j. O5 q b2 l! A
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f ! @. e2 B& z: O8 Y6 z4 W
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
: b/ I5 @- b! Q- `. s9 }" @virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
1 [& f% d. [% [% G& i/ Cf the situation." # |/ ~( Y) K4 p# t
0 h0 j% T1 q/ A$ t3 {( ]1 Y- }六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
* \! T3 A# w9 W# _# R: T0 ]1 n国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 6 f0 x. H: [' X4 b+ u5 N9 K
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 ) R3 K/ |; y5 n3 m6 T
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
# B3 x7 ^( b# Q2 m5 a: c
% g' I2 O0 `, U1 G& KThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me 5 K1 f. O+ {( u
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v K; [/ S6 l2 o+ L/ g1 x
isible, less distant.
& ^$ A1 k% t* _8 i" F& a3 K# b$ J0 U% e
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
4 V( M/ _/ m+ i) f0 u b& e刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
5 c% b- N2 o& }. w" a
6 y, k0 U, X, `& P! ?The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
: A0 C/ I$ z& H2 {' K) l- y/ @hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 9 Q; L8 W4 c, w+ ?
3 \( m- Y. z. i, U! ~2 x低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
+ a# T) \, d: r3 f9 o大的机会。 8 B) W3 }2 I- L" s# a$ A
$ \$ v$ q% h5 H& |5 v! f* C
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
+ a9 O* D+ M1 t2 \/ G5 |4 J0 {+ Qd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
, R" T3 P- Q S; h& l# \; {rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 1 r+ `. Q# w K" |: ?' Z$ r) r1 S" D& X
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. ; Y; }0 i% X# {: c2 ~8 j
5 `4 R" P( _5 g
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
' q- X5 ?! I- f: s* ~共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 ) d( Z, L# I# R3 F7 L, L" C
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 , }; K, e, {6 ?/ m
; u* T5 d; E0 K
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol : @5 Z A: r3 \& Z8 t1 R6 p
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 2 j0 J9 u; [7 l! A! r8 D# o
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w ( x5 j9 [; u* V+ W, F
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
2 O% _* O7 B+ d) G. l" A7 V& r# P, Eo the world. 6 `! U- n9 G& s8 A- ]1 [# b
9 Q0 |3 V8 @ n9 `" @, r* [与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
2 G, L+ b: s$ t- @# j; V9 Y* ^4 T创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
9 J2 S% h4 N5 J! N G人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 $ r( v% M4 n4 x! U
! A' \: [/ Y2 a! ~7 r
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
0 i, E) n% `$ S. C9 w7 _/ lthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
# }( Q# z% G) I* p* xanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f " A y4 {; k' O3 h. U' A8 E+ R
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to ! {# l4 E! v6 x2 {# X; J
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 2 r" k1 ^ v/ O1 N: \
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. - C; O( N7 I8 z; Y
' \9 j* V% h6 x1 [: l
& J ?" L' U/ _- G- O$ o
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
. A$ [0 d+ L" j: s5 e# Q/ I/ Q类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
. w) N" \. x. ]" l- ]( j- }机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
) G& P5 N) y- s6 Z改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
8 ^* h* r9 K$ g/ m7 l7 a6 @( a
" @8 J" b$ O1 [+ f" m2 f. {6 SMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
9 m" r& m6 v5 Y! d* is of intellectual talent in the world.
0 [# \: Y9 Y+ N, s
1 @% L h- H- ?) l1 \- t }哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
3 o0 x$ C w. w% S- t5 d2 U. M/ V' F& `8 m8 W
What for? ( {. X6 ~- Z7 r9 C/ ^7 t7 F
. O) P, a5 B" J* O
我们可以做些什么?
" l. d: a. `8 v& K4 Q
/ R3 ^0 d5 t; F2 T/ f7 n* }( jThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef ! v& h& E' U/ ~1 h/ B9 z
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
% M3 _6 K5 K- ?( _, cd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 7 C' b/ Y: d$ O* {( O3 r
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
* i1 r5 o1 h: {; }9 R+ k" B# \2 d
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 ! H: G' @/ a, k+ B# v
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ; U& y$ k' r% i
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? ) p( J6 U" n) P/ u7 j* I
O& m8 |1 K1 |2 JLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
7 S* d S" N; J( ders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, # m# f2 V `# y: a" x
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
0 U# @6 d! {: z: j: M3 x' B6 u/ b( c( J6 M& \' P
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 ' x8 V1 o" M9 f6 z6 N
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
4 a& P$ M! [# d. U* M/ v
' ]5 Y1 N2 k2 \" E/ }& I- _4 m. L
W; F# J, d ]9 j5 Q/ V7 O' f6 PShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
- |. |0 [5 M/ v4 R
7 | [. R* z) t/ W我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 8 @: z' |( W# ~% j8 \) k
5 k: f! x) a6 l& nShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
' |# i! c& e$ ]5 p* q/ NShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
6 A$ ?7 N: u# vnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
7 C2 y! K! F" ]* ^' D, F* h yool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? ! U5 |/ R S# z. J# S& Q; C
2 y( V2 r3 B7 {: Q$ ~* K0 H
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
2 }" Y3 h6 m( g4 ^7 s端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
- t0 ^# H, o, ?9 D: ~3 k- p5 {…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? ' [' T, m- R. b% q# x0 Y
1 i( @# A/ i, z( w& F- bShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
. ]$ i5 v' |, O# P) s+ x1 t) Jleast privileged? & F' x& F+ G) w7 y. v
& O/ T/ h) }5 F4 N1 V3 b; @
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? . Z5 Z5 w1 U& ^- P" |% g- ^/ ]
. D4 q1 m0 X6 Y
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. # k% T; m; Z$ e& o3 o
, j& }1 s6 y- I/ a; M
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 # l- o) ^3 E5 ^$ S
+ p* }2 Y' P, l+ J4 }My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop : C3 i, w2 @2 M" q, T) o
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 7 ?, h$ N# X9 ?6 j
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
3 V: Q7 z$ e9 e3 p( F# n- q6 Twritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s 3 _# t8 d. L) z! d
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
; {# Q" K: u8 r# T. [she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 9 p7 Z5 |$ _5 R+ C9 f
& R2 Q, z- f1 R9 L& p$ @我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
8 v2 O0 Y) R2 _2 m5 X! v, Z他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
3 u# c% k! ~& R g,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 Y: s. J8 E" x! ?% m
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: / L- k- a+ r& c4 s# p1 d+ l$ i
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 9 X- {: {+ k* i, z$ R4 r
的期望也就越大。” ' c3 i" X9 W O0 M a, j: @
7 f) k2 b! c$ V
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
- J+ @/ s2 X' Y' _ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world ( \. p, q, }' i: M) w
has a right to expect from us. , ^" }, X4 X1 I0 c; |4 A% ^
& |$ ?9 Q4 C e" Q$ Y( B) } a" Y
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
4 ]$ m5 s& |. u8 n4 K# [* K以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
3 L7 V6 f6 H- `3 C8 i" B( T' f9 d) \& m n
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
+ C& L5 I. W5 z1 y! Y+ ^% N* Tere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
4 b0 n- q W8 f! F; necialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
* y3 @4 B4 U9 ^4 h) f2 h4 cnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
' @$ {9 l4 ^2 z$ V2 m6 t, pek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
. u9 }! |1 |* D) Pwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. & B' c' q* T( F$ ~
" y- o+ N! v% b' X& P4 e% e! G9 }# I- X
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 h8 Q- @3 Z5 R ?" j9 P* q
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 & m! S) D* C7 {' C$ K- t7 I
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
7 F; n0 l& I+ g8 ~你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, $ ~: r4 y5 l( @. |1 e- V* h
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
+ Y- r3 u& n: L, f/ w$ f
5 |& f0 K: W; c: b2 A hDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
6 d4 l# `. x: {' @0 T% r' tll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
3 N- w$ @6 ~" n8 ]0 `# M) g0 a. E8 d, O2 H9 O7 q# v' L
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 9 |5 ~: O# x8 F- ?8 Y: S* e) r9 Z: [
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 . a. P+ A& V0 ?" X8 @2 k
! m. H4 w7 D+ x9 ]: l& w
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
" O5 f' L- p, K7 O. f8 v4 Ihave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
6 m- x9 I+ l8 M* a2 val inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h # R. C. R) O0 u9 n' E
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
# |/ p+ E: \+ B0 H! }' u0 Xhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
( Q5 f/ {! o' P1 y: ^; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. 4 ~5 E/ ~' K$ O! }0 j) X; }
, b% r6 V* G3 {& b
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 5 O5 D/ O, A8 n6 A) X/ H
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
9 \! Q* b- a3 V- k; Y; \时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 ' K' H0 A3 N5 S8 Y
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
/ a' k4 J( j( L. p更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 / f2 w2 L* y& \, H G: h1 _; v
3 \- s% ~9 A0 T) a6 ]1 }Knowing what you know, how could you not?
* A( r5 y# @- |$ I& i) M1 f8 f
, m6 _7 _* h# e. g0 S9 ^- o知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
0 k$ F5 \2 [, f0 D( z+ s$ s4 ?* ^# L# a( E' k% h
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on 3 z# X( g( E, ~, W7 c
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
* P: o: b z9 x8 H' Turselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well ( _& Q6 c! J% q2 M8 c0 l' A% V
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p + _1 c$ n* Y/ ?& F6 o* U
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 6 |2 f1 l' U/ X/ C; q D
/ g, t0 A% N) W& N4 G8 U6 I
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 + `' [4 S9 K/ g( l* R
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 1 u7 g1 ^; o2 J; ` ^$ {! l# Y
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 9 D/ D C: K3 C* O1 K- W6 _% b5 j
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
|