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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
1 @: k! H5 S0 T5 a$ ^1 ~比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 ) q7 |$ A! @6 L9 G. d
% p% `) h( I- c6 X2007年6月7日 7 M1 ~; I0 a/ G% F. n; x
: ^+ Z0 K* D! _+ e3 c阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
3 h, E" Y% c# i/ l5 v. ]' t* Qof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, . X/ W: t+ T3 P; M5 w8 H
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
8 V7 R# {5 Y# O" K! X9 A理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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* B, Q/ A* l' v# G! K* ^7 HI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd # [9 T+ i, x5 ]/ S& ~- T
come back and get my degree." & x+ `+ D1 \/ n& S5 e
7 W& s' o, l/ M4 b4 h6 b2 a有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
7 @5 {4 K+ k$ h# h& J学位的!”
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5 F% ^% B: Y: }8 W) ZI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
+ g7 B) r( S5 ^ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 4 A ?, f. V/ V6 u
7 p( M, W) V& ~1 B我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
8 p7 j; E3 ]6 |退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 : W T5 @/ t1 ]% }( j0 u' T
, l2 w/ s' ]7 e' d `) sI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 3 u- r- j% u/ L( R. B7 i; y
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
) a A* j, z. W, l* rt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c , K' h; f( r7 E% X8 R8 [
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ * n8 S$ C8 g! s- x+ V) h
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
7 D& D' V" U" |, N0 R$ o: o所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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' H; u) C" k% h% |But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
. t2 x" Y+ Q9 q3 K O. d3 wof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
" X( O5 v& i% d, t. O3 e yyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 7 a* v+ W3 r" ~9 g0 P! j4 g
re today. - Q* D: p4 h- Q# }; d7 z5 G4 @/ h6 B
4 \+ Q6 U B, F" r x+ D但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
k/ j- M; U1 r5 Q# n。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
3 v& W- e3 D! J9 d! V( x- O: ?。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 * g- m( j7 A5 p# K: c
吧。
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: `1 F9 W& T+ O% xHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
- u; L2 A, J* k- u6 u0 l1 c& Q4 m. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
; v6 G, u8 A2 ^7 [fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 3 t3 R+ i+ Q1 R) d1 a, t7 {- p. V
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ( T+ r. _. W- J- o
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 0 p3 i1 i" B: a
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
4 z, q8 i2 i( i1 q$ B1 j# H8 Ldating our rejection of all those social people. 6 X/ _% ]2 l& s: D7 x% t
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 6 o+ w" |2 ?0 O% Q" t8 Z% k% A
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 $ O& y& k$ N" A- _
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 / c3 y I3 ?* m1 f" {0 K" v
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
. D1 R6 @$ K( d/ z- Y6 Y的姿态。 . j- C5 l; l( G' s- g
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
$ o& P- i" F4 N# b6 T0 U9 Oof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
' K; z1 R; t o( ~* ~# g/ \$ n, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
! Z, z% u% y, K3 p* H% Q5 n- i; ^ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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" D$ M$ |8 J; W1 [+ kRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 $ e$ k; |; ~ z/ F: E O
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 8 i" v! J/ ~% P! h9 g) d
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 8 }+ ]9 g( i/ r. N( }
8 D2 M: D7 V6 R* ]/ q. L, N( rOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call ! P9 n1 b; ]: A6 Q
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl $ @* D: l9 u. D- ~) M
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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; X) _' e( a2 x9 I! T. P# i P我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque # ^7 g$ k _+ ?! n
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
: J K: D: O0 ?% X6 R. M+ b他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o ]3 X% s" J7 b2 W" S+ h2 i
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
2 U; S9 F+ f5 J6 R' @6 Kh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome & l8 v5 C2 u7 _; }0 k
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
4 U% d8 S. r) @$ {* ?1 i# tend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
/ H7 r' i( H# u! S* ~ ^crosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
* X1 E0 e+ t+ j; X9 e' L# l还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
7 V0 r4 _& e, z5 p$ X& S+ i& [来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
# a- s1 b- i- i' {生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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' {* C/ R$ p" l, Z( p, DWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener ' e( V5 T4 F9 B( V) i5 y I
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di % M3 z. }( A( N
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
( r2 E5 V6 K2 nI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made 7 a' s+ a+ g+ t" z& W
, and the ideas I worked on. 5 Y& r) ?6 x! A7 d# t: w: y7 w: G
: F% U7 c5 V( Z" r不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
( p& U) c7 a6 X也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
6 O& M3 w! P4 z& ]人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 ; b& p; K. L! ^# a4 G
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. ' B: Y5 o7 F. J, L
. {5 B3 x2 ^* t: q但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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/ Q% T6 X2 ^8 `4 R1 ?$ iI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – , ^2 t4 \; U K9 ]- t+ _8 C' t# l
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn + C9 B, H# K! t* r. ]1 x
millions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
2 f9 [3 }. _( P0 }- {. J$ X. m% L5 \- L上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
! P3 f" w0 k7 G& k9 `4 x7 l3 o: yot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 " H' {' }# k& @; {2 e4 S' b
6 R$ Z. ]9 C+ n- D% [; C0 pBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos + \- \# r( f3 {3 R+ i! x( v% k" J
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron ) j6 ^, i3 U' b
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
6 T# D, e. N$ d+ k; lcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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2 F. x2 J% @. A1 k但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
% I% P* `- P y0 H! m1 O现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
4 {4 S# B& v4 I泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 9 X- a1 E: u. `) I1 ]. B
2 c$ o8 L- Z" @) g5 R& x F! m( LI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of & S" D( o9 n3 u/ ]4 u/ a; k# r
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the ' M# O4 X$ P3 \% J& o$ v
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou ( @, x. \# Z9 _/ T1 p& }
ntries.
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" h$ ?* j6 ^% m# O% ?我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
' c1 {3 q, I8 }/ V会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 0 w0 f$ L1 h& M8 S( d- J4 d
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor % S% t) h: k! x9 V/ Q
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
- R) z' r8 Z/ e8 q* T4 J- Pyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo ! D8 P7 h$ n6 f2 O4 q. J" a! N
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. $ i- m2 _$ s/ T9 R: z+ {% F
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 4 Y. @+ R( R* M9 V$ H" `7 Q
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 # P6 a$ G" ~. H' f4 ?- ]: ~# H
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
; B+ A" \6 B! q0 `3 g- O0 q个问题。 ) {) e$ X8 u2 }3 f3 K6 o. R0 Y2 x
5 f h3 f1 C. ?6 pImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
$ S" D' J9 k# i0 O, N. h1 va few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim ! t4 U4 l+ A9 H
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li , i! X E* \1 J& A7 g" v$ B
ves. Where would you spend it? & U b W3 n& X0 C7 _& B
9 M9 ] h" W+ X) j( O5 h$ n为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
! d7 S8 G0 F. C2 M( G% c钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
% V& [0 l/ d. h0 y你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
" E! T7 z: m5 }0 J; ofor the greatest number with the resources we have. , a( e0 b; v/ X5 X+ w2 S
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
% a- M& g+ O# U& @( m4 j; J, F- a6 p% _的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 1 `/ y. S# M4 Z4 _
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
- Y5 @- f+ [4 t0 a& Pses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
6 J9 _7 b+ m/ M* \! v' @" P3 kmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 0 b( W& ~8 x U: D$ }
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United 4 e" R* t. @1 m, R& c
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
4 w% u3 u% S% ]0 ^* D9 G儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 $ f0 ~) F/ c, b" U! @
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 / B1 m0 i2 a7 [/ l6 i- j9 L8 c
亡病例也没有。
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5 B$ \: x: t o$ r4 O2 BWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
; H" j; ~# U8 P" Bnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
# C6 p" P4 R7 F5 E7 Tiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
3 |# e0 b% M! [1 w( f% ]3 \6 T; I6 ke interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, + B( V! }' Y2 a* a, U
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 , N1 B! a l, D z/ b( a9 u2 A
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
$ {2 C* Y; D% n k% Nome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
$ W+ z2 ]8 [3 C- }This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g : [* H5 O4 L7 a# _
iving."
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
& @# g8 k8 p, i3 |, w: w了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 / o7 x: V, }/ q; W' ^( u" N
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho ' v! @! ~2 V& \
w could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
% N0 D- b: g! D. ^1 N5 J这些孩子死去?” ! {% {2 Z7 {4 n% |6 @4 ]/ f
5 _8 u& X! E1 S; P! R: QThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 6 ~. ~' [. G: ^9 e
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
+ ]5 ]7 Y$ g9 K; w0 Hcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
" U& i; B8 \! T/ T! O5 Q, j' S# pin the system. " w0 N; w$ V; O. r P
% ~4 y; ^0 B% z" d答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
. Z/ p. e6 M0 a4 _2 ^会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 ; ]$ f) }4 t$ }% l \& C3 R8 k( j E+ Q
有能力发出声音。
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: z2 r* ?! c9 q; RBut you and I have both. 4 T* B5 q, }; p& l/ H# c
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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& F+ w0 Z# [- d7 W5 i9 e( MWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
! j7 ?1 D/ I5 B4 q keative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
$ U8 M" u7 Y8 w6 rpeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s + }" |* u( [: m, M" o
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
- y4 x6 I+ J! P. F- G1 k- x/ Yorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
+ O/ }* Y+ I: g% a# Wple who pay the taxes.
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/ j) H2 I( }% h1 \9 j8 ~我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 : y$ j' s }; g3 M+ Z4 g+ y
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 / ~. ]( B# Z# A. Q( {8 o
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 5 l x, |, Q. d1 n+ E
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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, x8 P9 k" F9 s3 l; a, u1 QIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
7 h+ b2 b# M1 C& [, }; se profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
F9 G+ P1 z' i7 R% M% Y: i% X4 |able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
9 S9 A" M. M s# k! P% H4 G# ar be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ) I# G/ {$ u; ?& \
world. " c% Y9 F; `* D1 D% \7 N
4 B: w" h* \/ o. C, f
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
% ]9 e9 d. \9 J B来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 9 B$ T5 \; o, J( i
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
+ O& E1 v" z1 Y) t
1 {' r5 _+ g8 _9 a- p8 g7 z6 P4 @/ x' ?
( b! s+ ?, Z: o0 fI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is + f3 `8 ^# l: r, S) p# { m7 L3 h
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b * `. @) v* ` l. g
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
* B4 f) |6 s# T2 I) ~$ Ddisagree.
& m; A9 ]0 a+ h8 O9 _
" }' _, G }2 G! f; ]4 Z在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 0 I3 M, ]/ w' u! ~
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 / }6 \/ \* h9 M! y
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 / c, W% K( k3 C* W1 d
+ z0 M, a$ D/ f% p( ^I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ) U! { G8 N& m0 y, } l
: V& @1 Q9 c# [6 _2 C$ c
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 ; S u' |; h" z& [
% W" J) d ^$ q8 s1 YAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 2 |6 T" Z) ?5 O2 q/ O# t( R/ F
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
* J- s0 t5 O7 {. Q( j. V6 _but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ) _; V; e% K; O
ave acted.
0 `2 i! A+ s; t6 D7 j
, D* W @" H6 V) Q) @' ]4 J此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
( D+ N# f" Q4 n+ {) @伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
0 z; {9 N" Q: s d" m如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
. Z/ W, d9 E# W+ s, X, e2 {: D' a7 K9 }1 S0 ^' j8 k# ~
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
\" o e6 N4 y' m+ _3 j7 X. H
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
' O, n) @0 g) e- \* ~6 _
6 e. a( h9 {! U+ w5 ^To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see % x8 Z) B) F& Z
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
4 v: Z) m4 z( x: V& A' H& P* Z p& e5 h, b7 B7 ]) T: V, M& `& v
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
4 `: n2 H+ I3 e; |( l的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
. x4 g7 x& ?1 P8 ]3 f) i0 a7 D* Z2 i9 C/ j+ R
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e / C) M! F# _* y Z9 n; D, Y* X: g
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o ! h( \2 Z! ~, c; d+ @' A
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det ( z, v3 m& o) N
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. & W7 f# e9 l/ C' Z# B1 P1 W
4 M/ j) r, J: k6 O4 q即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 % E9 ^. C5 D @ C& `/ ?
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 & K8 R- e$ ?7 T( L
再次发生类似事故。
& c* ]4 f8 V/ l } \, e5 c! G
. o3 W; Y+ y' ~2 W( X# r3 t' l4 wBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
. K: ^ r( ]5 t8 }in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
" K: v! X; [8 K3 A3 \" Uf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve 3 I j5 b$ r6 C6 C" f5 x% O% L
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." 4 u+ e# e! j! K+ t) o
) m# H1 J: x `( o# }! [" X5 ?* d但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 # @4 o$ \8 n( Z& C
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 : D& J- K3 H9 N0 q; z9 q" j
。” $ e% D6 |, w3 v4 W
5 J7 f7 f. C! gThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
# | }0 k8 B {5 g( e1 Sths. . I. T2 D9 e0 H. ~7 O2 o
& I. ?: U/ e7 l- t: m显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
7 N4 q- g% l8 s+ U9 J1 A( {% M1 c9 |- S6 A
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
! W4 |6 t% T7 ]$ k3 J+ j$ Dions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
- ]! L) B/ [. o% e" Keasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
/ I3 f& p7 s2 o- jto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 8 a- X, N0 F! I% X- X; f( P
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 2 E+ \+ h" ]7 ?) Q
% v! r/ G- r% t' w, `* m我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
3 B1 Q7 |& E- }! v$ Z0 ]。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
( @0 b& L4 Z& _) L) t7 Y9 x本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
9 ~! y1 W9 o+ g. ] T) n# b何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
% o: F% E5 K0 E* m4 z# _4 B: E7 k; O+ l% v* r
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second ' {- B1 ^8 J9 ~
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
) w" _) Q% b, O
# I2 d7 I0 f. g2 j' s& N2 z! p9 n就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 ! A0 h3 c- B& b( f' n0 C I1 q! Q
的事件中找到解决办法。 # Q. v, N, h R( x: G3 z
0 U0 B8 b' u9 P! e
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ! l0 ?+ B. ^. j0 ~0 h" z2 ^
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho 0 g* ]; X4 p5 Z" v
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
+ r# K Z; |5 De caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
5 Y4 _- U% p& i# V6 sf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 8 e0 D) v4 V! k* ]& X5 l O
matter. ! s7 p* J) p# B! g0 a7 z
% @; H; g s, W" P4 ^% |+ Z' C, E J
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
5 Y1 ~2 d% P5 M2 e! k答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 0 m" N& q5 z- P1 }" G0 F
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 ' u8 b! G9 y2 F2 w8 @1 Y" w' @
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 / r' d! E4 i, Z2 _8 F
实际效果。
z- _. U B8 p6 k% A) a1 h- `* z: q
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st ! q, F& V5 ^1 @
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
- o& F; \) J8 d/ Dtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
' ?! h- n/ }3 \2 eion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
6 {" U4 }5 O- M& \& Ycated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ; k( X* [- Q$ R! S9 F6 J
8 U% U# Z( `: `: ^ |! H+ f
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
4 `+ w! h0 ^+ S# w3 _发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 9 r8 t, N1 a- I3 W5 N
是最简单的蚊帐。
6 O. E+ q, J6 O7 J: Y+ I" ~1 v
9 U/ z0 ?: r t+ _4 }; U' CThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
" l0 U% M! _; ~4 E0 n7 \. g: vdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou 2 [. I7 B; q9 g" G+ e* j& L
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
D$ t* E' e7 E; l2 |s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ! ]8 }' V3 n4 x
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
- r9 F/ c# U2 y# \$ h# V2 C$ Dwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
; u5 g$ |. h: N9 F- A6 Pople to avoid risky behavior. " \0 R. |, \. l, ]' l+ D
, X! g5 C, k; F/ l: E! D艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 / l0 @2 W: M* \0 ~9 A
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 6 p& O" _( o" X" K
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
* O6 N+ M) @: m) v时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 - m- t2 Q. r: g, _: A9 A
为。 ( O! ^/ r, Y% z" A R2 e! I; F/ \0 I
! {% |' a* y6 b1 F' a x) b, V: xPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The [, x7 V) @! H) Q" {
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
0 G8 e0 L* @( U: H2 P' Fd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
5 c k) o: ^4 A0 R6 \o complexity and quit.
8 w0 T0 E$ t% |' m4 a0 V3 p
) S( S' c8 q: N s2 w0 |0 ?要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 , c5 n$ g; q8 G
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
, Q8 m- g; o7 n3 o' W为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 , s6 K% {) E4 a/ }
: E; q1 A: J% q: pThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 7 D. g/ ?# [- u8 ` r8 Q$ t3 D+ `
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
2 w6 y5 c7 P, B) O1 |( z, Phers learn from your efforts.
7 _7 h `4 i# {
" n, [) c1 p+ [8 z: ?# @5 I在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 % |) |# \5 h. s- K6 m( a9 D, A. l
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
4 \5 C2 p1 Y8 V0 a6 Q5 j8 f& J
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
# v# z; }+ ]- u; P$ B Q+ G! v9 u! z0 Yprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 0 t' `3 L1 ]6 F; V
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
) k6 _: Q$ |0 H enot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
3 w8 E7 }1 {" i) Q# {, nusiness and government. ! m1 Q) n+ b5 Z2 D. o" n ?" D
3 U/ ?# Z! d& U当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 * F' S4 l0 B7 a" A) B& L+ F$ m& B1 U
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
7 c2 g9 A5 ]9 Q) _) l4 e项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
0 F9 m. h7 T: W# C4 D' Y5 b) _' I8 f4 }5 ?" d- }. R- T* b; @! r
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n + `1 U7 ?$ a* u% A }8 ], i1 l
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 9 Y5 [0 D' b, |) w" C" e1 j
what saving a life means to the families affected.
; H* y/ j; `$ _! K5 [' [
7 h o% |2 V/ m: Q! I) U: A) Z但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; # F4 Y' Q* p7 G" s
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
& j$ {' D, F; ~- c, }5 V4 r的家庭到底意味着什么。 & y: _7 \1 ^) j9 d f
# O: o' D7 m3 Q, R% II remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel , ^7 T4 J2 N" D1 q
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
$ d$ e: |3 a1 m+ z; l9 trill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
" b+ ^# i. x# J9 E G2 m3 u' |t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
/ B, D1 S+ n z0 o: T; ^ouldn't bear it. 1 y3 U7 q0 ~6 s# C
* h" A4 x/ R% i0 I" U+ r) @/ {4 O几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 & y6 y% u. x" w) [9 j5 ~: F
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 4 r7 V; T' U& l2 @; `
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 $ H( k$ d2 Z/ F y% F- }1 `% m8 W
我无法强迫自己听下去。 u% H! q' r6 s$ ~- m
( x, W" U; K- _* U
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
$ T. J4 J& }7 D: p' g2 P7 |9 Gevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 6 @" G& l4 p' G
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited ) z: G' \# e( t S! V
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l ; S2 z, n; B e; e, N: @
ives? % @7 {7 U- {3 o% d/ R H4 G
, A' h% D5 B( g4 U/ K* ?; G
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 ' H) P& K/ A, r( B9 \- q/ O
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 $ _3 f" B# }! p& R1 U% j
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
3 i4 T* @4 n/ w' Z3 M5 Q- ^3 `
; q7 l& J, `3 y1 kYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
( M% z- K5 U* {, `And how you do that – is a complex question.
& F, J# h1 E' A! q1 L4 [2 ]3 ^! l5 ^0 \3 j
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
# p: V$ Z+ ^1 d' x/ F+ f点,并不是一件简单的事。 * Y& ]6 I0 G# ^5 ^1 P0 F
3 W" P4 r# k W0 ?" K& V9 ]$ L' t! [% y
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too ! H: ^' @' _. N
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
- H; j' X+ z/ f% `8 V: c3 m. L' f hew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
" f& x( V; `. d2 [& i4 Q4 oe can be different from the past.
& Q+ O9 y6 ?/ M5 w/ k L- }! _: v% F2 A$ Z+ ?/ M
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, - H1 {; a2 L3 Q# |& m5 u/ A: i
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
' R* R: R3 s$ c+ W5 Y! U的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
. H' J9 E1 w+ D8 y% `' G: d5 Q, W3 T5 l9 {
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
2 f9 ?' z& x# Sr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
" |1 p H9 k; J. Orty and end death from preventable disease. ; P! \$ n9 K, L& I
; A0 f9 x7 o3 e9 N' c5 P( J
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
1 S% R1 ?" c' o s9 U一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 - i6 s5 d8 Y. @( L( u
. R( z5 t/ f E8 e. W
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla " q8 ]7 D) t3 P/ D
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
: v' Y* J2 D( X" bs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 9 ^6 u+ ~/ K% U; Q" @$ a' x
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f + X% O( c% w% o( K; o `
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
+ r: N1 h% R4 d7 G6 \virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
+ C; \0 F6 h" H( q! v+ @4 af the situation." 6 n( S0 p% Q4 G' K5 N, i3 @
( x9 h) B. Q" O5 b. V六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 6 t. y' O+ y+ ] w7 d
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
- N7 A( ^5 f6 {2 J; V9 h1 j) }5 e源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 3 ~! f! Q& R3 W
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” ' l- |6 f, y4 E6 o
/ V% {; R# ?+ r) Z0 B: k) S: i1 aThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
0 J* ]! G, ^( O, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 7 F5 [8 U4 `: E# H# b
isible, less distant. # H, g H0 n: L* D/ x: \
, c' N7 w+ L$ F/ R- S9 T$ N! b马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 5 x& J6 i- W, H3 ?& o7 I
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
+ |7 A9 I: n* |, |+ V; D, k* w) c( q
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
! Z' E+ t5 l" c: r: n# Vhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. : x4 @! q L u( K- J
8 v: U f U V N& k( l低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 ; b* V/ H* D$ f6 ~0 E
大的机会。 ' _4 N% X7 }6 M7 O$ `+ N% y3 q' g
5 p% K5 O- D7 B+ p: d: D
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 7 x) o% s. r( E
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b , u9 U. V$ ?7 }( P
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc ; \. P8 z' x( e2 S& C- }: V ]
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 1 x- ]3 F( M. ~" i3 N6 r5 F: v' P* _8 A
- W% A1 V9 G1 W, A
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
- @, y" D/ s Y- r3 y共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
4 o6 m3 w7 @$ I# ]大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 & N2 H8 h; N2 q s, t g
7 ~) H# X* @0 q* U& Q; a1 V+ ?At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
$ S& _3 X2 Z7 @4 E1 i! Y- `) eogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 6 \7 I* N7 }$ @7 \, _8 X
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
/ t4 o* t$ x% `6 n& gho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
5 Z g: w# D' Q/ \2 F j5 s5 lo the world.
/ d7 x+ ~# L, `$ E D& S. a' Q/ p
, z8 F- j2 [- E" {+ \. \与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 & w T1 Y Z5 B6 H" U1 Y5 f
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 1 @) C4 m8 a" s' O4 S& x
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 ' C# P1 y- r+ z1 U
$ h/ ]4 p& A, e9 B5 P) g, x) F$ `We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
; R8 U9 e. Z; k8 B$ C; ]# mthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one * N% }# i7 O1 i. j* L% t! [6 J
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f . q& I$ I0 C" e
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
' b- {& l4 J1 E3 Usee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
' z# J# g$ G- ~7 r5 C1 Fss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ( P* [# _3 p- u# w" T" {& N
9 ?& \& C9 f9 D
1 _. l% g; t2 f, X" s我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 5 C8 D' t" D- g: ^) w! m- w
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
7 w+ @6 a& F) H8 X" `机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
: F2 e$ Z- Z" w! b2 U1 C改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
: j- |0 W+ e/ C2 f
* i6 R0 Q% B4 v0 j& jMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
0 g# x7 F0 u) f0 R9 L Fs of intellectual talent in the world.
/ I- {6 J* m/ m1 h2 u
- l, T/ K) _: {% H1 G, `3 v ?哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 8 S7 a/ m& S) f; P
6 f+ Q W" D* J1 E1 {; p% v! @
What for? + q2 {) i" x- V4 N5 B1 Q' P
" h2 y: j& ~7 f3 p
我们可以做些什么?
6 Z' Q( W' G I# s* L4 K8 l2 C _
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
% A9 @7 a M2 X n; W- @actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an - J- c# g. ^8 R/ r
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to " Q% k' H7 p% l6 F9 x) l9 u
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
M7 ^$ \. l& I
$ Z/ W* \6 j& F2 s9 a) Z毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 " _) _ {' `0 [ T( x
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
+ w+ {/ L! J$ w+ E( r来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? 1 N7 U% Q* D2 x9 ?; f; [
; n8 e) G2 Q0 G3 m
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead ) H# T" y. ^* j: Z, V2 g: B
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, : ~; F* Z+ k! G! x. \
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: & c' M+ L- T# d# ], Z( }; n
6 E& r N) v U+ ~: [6 Q6 |
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 ' d# G6 a8 W K
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
[7 N- J/ z' z! I! d+ P9 C2 F) W. R7 o3 ?+ b- R
/ B1 }& o7 g) y6 d: t# pShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
7 h8 E" B8 {, y0 u& ] g
1 _7 ~6 x1 w$ t2 n! M我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? ' n; c% S) {' ]/ R
. r ~5 w9 j5 f3 V2 R( P: L
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? ( @5 w5 u, Q+ G, r8 a
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
" q- I7 h( f4 t+ L5 Ance of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
# J& L3 f/ a2 n {# R$ {ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
3 \+ I- y4 C) q2 L; z1 ]: s& Y, n& L! F5 u9 b
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 5 u! j: J7 _& F
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… D3 m% v% ~ L; E ^
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? % v) T' I, b3 l2 i" O
- J; |8 b2 r4 ^5 s
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
( k6 o4 E" Z% U; C' Y2 ]' u9 eleast privileged?
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( D; M; X% O& o; F% U0 l! s# j6 Q那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
. H6 _4 B' c; F7 T3 m2 t" P* ^, o) g; ?" ^
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
/ ?3 v1 M9 c' q H' B8 A% F0 ^2 `0 q, o: q% u* d# I) X
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 8 t, B( y4 \! r& x1 Y
; w m( J! ~8 y/ n* N6 h5 cMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 3 H: R2 l) j" @3 Z9 t! T; ^1 y
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
) L6 C m. I# n Cd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
: h5 w4 K! I2 _7 O0 u& Dwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s - _, L% I8 _9 e6 P$ ?/ t
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 1 G x! U! r$ z7 a
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." . w' T' r/ a* W; X! N
k7 S b+ i, N/ S0 K, `' B6 h
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 3 J1 h! z0 ?9 H* S% u; C- N
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 : ] z2 |" a0 D
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
/ R* e# i, s9 q) e Y1 D2 r; m病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: % c- @0 v' y9 i
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 4 t! p. d5 d% A0 |; I
的期望也就越大。”
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5 A* g- ^; i3 [: j9 kWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
" h! |" K% S8 L4 K( u1 g4 R+ h. rent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
6 U D% r! ~' w( Ohas a right to expect from us. M( q" W( R6 N. }/ V5 c
: g7 O h( _" i" ], V. T( j, h想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 * n3 b& I, u* k- ]+ o
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 ! c* h+ A( c8 Q a: {
) Y x) ~+ s0 R) }6 S( B" ~( Z' YIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h . h0 }! j/ T) I' s C
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
, c0 x* _% F2 e; D: D, iecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
$ a% q! O% o% t" w5 \nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
6 r6 g9 Z0 z! m& Bek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
m: ]6 o% a8 |" v. pwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. . ~0 o0 B' o# q4 A6 g P2 g4 T
. y6 A9 G; j) o7 y$ e2 K9 R) _9 ~! r* i( P7 m3 l# B
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
2 C+ g8 D" z' h1 v7 }; T题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 ( X3 q3 p3 P+ l% |9 a' F
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
+ b% `8 Y+ K; a' n* c3 Q% H4 u你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, g2 }6 V) G# U& L' c! j1 a9 H
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi ; Y; }. P$ T' C- n+ k* `- K
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 % l$ k B! m, u4 E' }! k" e
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 7 p' w7 _3 D1 ?( ^& l R! p
) J) ^" h. F) aYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 8 k3 O. [- G# W0 b/ m
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 5 S9 w6 j% c( |3 y' ]9 p
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
3 D7 i0 s& Q) a( X/ G# pave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ( P! I' f8 F/ {$ ~; i* D+ a* F+ V' y
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
' ~" h$ ]: Y3 G7 x; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. - T; m) U+ p% L) F" m2 [
1 @) A, A. k2 B5 n. h# T
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 ! y" W$ O& N: R3 ^
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 h, p" U j, N3 t" S4 Z
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
4 D% L' V; _; ?# K+ n* p% B9 o受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
0 Q. ^* H3 I$ c. c- C更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
# F8 O9 S3 r. N! T5 i$ o
: u! e* [) o6 ~# VKnowing what you know, how could you not?
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8 @0 i' f ^ l' t知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? , O" x' j, n& a
. }5 n% e) Z1 t, IAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ( Z& `6 _& r, @5 m
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo & X/ g8 i+ B3 n. @
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
. f* s, | D7 }; Eyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p + y9 L3 Y& }( ~$ x, Y) V* w0 u
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ) O' P+ h, b4 f, Z: L! h/ |/ C
7 L! r4 z# B& X- b: `1 F, b0 P我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 ! u1 I) \3 @6 i2 Y. U
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 9 d j) l- O2 ~9 B9 ]
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 7 U, b* c5 H& x( W X: e
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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