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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
6 C+ l- a! S) g比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 $ c' o$ h* w; S; D. m
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2007年6月7日 # E" i" e! q7 n+ w
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阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members # u7 d- M0 _ i# {3 [* L7 Q
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, m r: H# ~# ?) @! W* \
parents, and especially, the graduates: 3 x; h, ]; [- G8 l4 I$ u/ j: `
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
: d) }- d' o: ~. u4 \& ]理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: ) I# r/ X) b' R
* K& H3 a4 v5 q1 q- X0 NI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
i8 Z2 w _* N+ X+ f. S1 A4 j. |6 Scome back and get my degree."
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4 {3 _/ @, }. m# w有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 - [6 m# M4 G% Q4 T5 ^
学位的!” * V7 i5 j/ E) y; k
8 C' Y6 x. I9 s* U! d6 II want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
! X& N" i u/ p% r6 h0 Oar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. - S7 B8 D% M/ K6 l7 Y
) T; @2 A- H0 b0 Y6 K! v% w8 N0 L, o我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
6 E/ k* g! y6 {' W6 @) o退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 2 m" d9 a: o2 l' E* x( W
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos 4 h* p O! G' v& @
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 0 s6 P# y/ k! ^, a
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. " z& z. r# O, B# X
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 1 G, u3 V) ]* ^9 j }
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
! l6 k9 g& I; F2 |+ ^- |* G所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 4 N8 a0 j: i7 ~) a h
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out + k. `- ~: ?# u6 T
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
3 {$ M; Q6 E5 pyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
! J( C* r' {3 Y% lre today. ) g4 z+ P( n% P# ]
1 S" s$ w9 M3 ]4 v但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 2 ]" x8 J$ r3 m5 B
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 ' Z$ C8 A5 t& A; w
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 7 Y, ]3 Q4 ]9 F0 ~
吧。 ! W& ]/ ~/ u: e0 c" w9 u# [8 V: `% D
% l9 A% G1 q# n) j% M# t1 ?, ZHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating ' r3 i4 ~. }5 K) \3 ^
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 9 T/ r: _4 w2 l8 T% M5 d
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 0 i- p; _4 D& \7 o( l
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
# y1 M% k1 G. v' m; m1 y" Ine knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
5 e' c( m. x& Y% {# v' K& `' h8 G8 Re the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali 7 S! v/ U u: L+ _3 {' |( j
dating our rejection of all those social people. ' q% \3 z7 f* f% x4 v- r
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 1 _- }$ U y) @8 s$ i0 W# q
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 $ ?8 t3 X# Z3 e0 J# K
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 9 m h2 l; ^% b/ V
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
7 X+ ^( T7 [0 j( | m, e的姿态。 2 B: h/ `* p# ] ^+ x5 o
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
& R6 i. ?5 t/ q7 V* R: lof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds * z. ~1 G4 X1 a% u
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi - M9 u0 o9 p( ?* L. V
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
: }' f" |9 Z0 z: _7 g, y3 _种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
- N* k+ h3 H- o1 H. U人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 9 w! z5 G$ T& o4 ] |
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
( }- c* z2 M' O, b3 F; F* b) tfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl " P; Q* P. D' K- x8 G- n0 I
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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" \0 q, L( T* l" y6 u& ~& @我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 6 G- W. q+ g- q( i
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 ( p5 ?: }# A5 @) ~9 t
他们出售软件。 + W, Y K) g! {2 m8 q2 a( |9 h9 }
9 U' f5 g$ A7 @7 g- M/ sI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 1 l5 r" M1 L! a" c! T
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 3 h+ H0 ]: A5 O$ q
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
5 o C' ?8 e& B8 o, [nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
d' W7 \. U- x- Nend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi - ]; }9 {/ l3 E+ F
crosoft. 6 y" S1 D7 ^* E( U
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 - w H; G P# p
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 ) u5 J5 h$ Y7 t* l( Q% [
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
5 `2 Y* x$ w; j+ e生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 $ Z" j. r3 n. }6 `8 ~2 i6 [
7 c: `- p* X/ B3 ~& c. B' T) uWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
' J# S) V C" zgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
& J1 m0 c, a9 mscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
6 U0 f1 Q5 W C0 OI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
, A" H+ ^- H+ v2 j( R1 J, and the ideas I worked on. 2 F. O4 G% o$ x6 |4 Z; X1 E& x
# K- F3 j% c: T) B! h4 |1 P不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, # N6 Z2 O9 o3 d/ b
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 # E7 B2 T8 }- f
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 2 m/ B6 N6 Y4 d& |4 [
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 $ T* k: w% N3 m! D
7 R: B3 a% X. o! pBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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8 H" |" `0 L* c8 Q/ X4 [I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
7 k4 m" B/ }; B# {) Y) l- Kthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
3 T$ |( T" `9 Z; G3 ymillions of people to lives of despair.
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& y3 Y8 h0 l6 j" m9 d我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 & E9 D8 K5 X3 H+ x7 x
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
5 i3 R K& {8 F( }ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. ( |" p1 |2 |7 p; @, R' A# \
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 5 `2 h6 T5 P+ o" ~+ V3 H( `5 q
+ A+ T* b- z: BBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos , j5 `0 B2 G0 L* {; g8 E
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron , u. [& h! s4 l
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
& M; h/ a3 ^2 ~$ w+ z1 T: Zcing inequity is the highest human achievement. 8 ~! U6 R6 \1 U: I7 u
& b w6 q% G+ |2 c' U; a3 b但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 4 z4 Q8 c' |, F$ r
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
: ^ @* ^7 C) R3 j2 O: k泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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! @0 j2 F0 y3 P) OI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
& ?- D. P2 q4 K' H9 Geducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
; @: M; |" u" _millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
O. _* t4 T0 Y6 cntries. 1 `4 d8 @$ x: Q0 \5 g: n
: {+ q: ]: ^2 @6 B我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
8 K6 c, }8 W: f' e: Q会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 # S6 ~6 }$ j. ^ f
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
% k) ^- K1 g# P9 l3 P) u4 lld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope " O) l3 g9 \' W* r5 E' m! E
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
) \& O3 b, d2 egy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. 3 K5 X3 S& D9 U1 R- {
* S- P. p. N7 j/ n; F; W5 t在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 # _0 p" z" D( x; G9 | `$ P: j
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
! [1 U% b: M* }- x7 W' q是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 9 k9 S" R2 t8 j0 p, S
个问题。 6 n' h9 |' o3 w, T5 G7 E( p
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 5 t7 V9 f4 l8 ]6 l! a
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
5 d! b) t2 ~$ i7 T% s- o( L+ He and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
2 S% F0 c! W4 mves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
J9 g$ c3 a3 ^( `: j4 C( c9 F- I钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 7 o4 u w; H; D; I V4 R
你会选择什么地方? 2 x/ }7 ^. L: u( [9 }% z
7 G1 ?$ v4 O m" e( O3 d: A1 O( {. [! AFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 3 l& n& l! n! W- g, ~" R# d/ D. L
for the greatest number with the resources we have. ' E; N8 G0 e6 z' A# V
6 ~6 c. V" g( z# C7 M7 M对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 & ] ^9 z) A" H L2 m5 u
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 $ A1 x; S$ w3 k/ P
" Y% V, H6 D6 ~0 P/ x+ L& c: f1 `During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 3 l9 ~4 f& Q! B) B( ]2 ~$ U4 v
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
1 F8 u1 w) ^) } ^# [ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
; J a: V0 x4 P& Amonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
" u9 R- t7 G! Nirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United ( @) }+ K6 }9 V( s* b% g' ~9 c
States. % \4 b) q7 `2 Y
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
+ J' @- g" K4 q. G+ d' o儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 : `$ M9 h! h& h% f7 [# m- j1 T" N
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
2 A: q. Z5 G- G' x亡病例也没有。
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$ ]! Z- L: k9 f# e( FWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
- c- ~9 O d; e# W1 Y3 u1 f* p1 h1 znd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
* t0 s: ]8 d) f' tiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer " N) b$ k: Z- b4 y5 A
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. 9 \3 M3 f$ \1 Q/ H# T# l
) a8 V7 i0 |/ {+ s( h1 m我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
5 s9 @) u7 C& I5 G那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
- t1 s2 J. v- @; _% ^% `元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 # X. @7 T/ ?8 a J. H* d8 H
# L, D. _; C5 W: H! X0 ]; CIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
' `$ k9 e2 w1 a7 ^3 W/ c7 jome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
8 N! C( I- Q0 K, |8 jThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g : h+ N* p6 q$ o+ Z* h
iving." 4 n, L. ?* ^! P4 ]$ B; ~& f D
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 4 ?0 \, k+ \! D' `0 Q
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
, i$ {+ l7 U; Z5 ^( c是我们努力的头等大事。”
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# Z$ E0 V* _# T* dSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
7 N. ^& J% G; ~, w, X" H( Qw could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
. {, B% u" i$ p这些孩子死去?” # r7 U' B5 z5 h R) ^
$ D$ @# u0 ~; U% v/ Z5 yThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 4 o4 M' E. i5 i) R
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be ' g! i# L) t$ a# C/ W" P
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice ) B b; J' h: L! k
in the system.
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" M8 \/ [. L) f. t. z: D( |& |0 e答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 : W% }8 J; {; @$ U/ \
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
8 x6 V/ S3 g9 @/ L; t2 q5 E5 e9 ]有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 - {1 E: `6 r" P) j) O& C- e
2 m. u# E) u% `9 e$ _1 h; @+ iWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 9 T* D) _; K* h; A6 V( j3 `$ {$ \
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
$ B M; U7 ~5 H# opeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s / o, P( G! E) P2 e8 h, h
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
, C" e$ L I# `. b* H6 {2 X% |orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
. L3 F+ I. |) k- n3 Fple who pay the taxes.
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8 f6 ^5 u" R6 i+ P我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
, c3 {3 t: l% \) H2 P/ J% v——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
, p* c9 g3 O; J! d, W* D7 S,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 - Y* }! o2 L4 G2 ~4 k
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
1 ~1 V# F7 q0 }7 U! N3 oe profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
9 s9 V0 _( L: y! }* _$ t: b6 _able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve . O8 r" T% X) x. `5 N/ {
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
6 Z- F& ~1 _3 q6 _, V( Z% tworld.
% V1 z* ]: a4 b; H1 K
5 f7 {+ o8 S P2 W5 N/ ]) {0 m8 U如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
# [& J% e; R# g P' i6 l- Z来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 ( j% u" k) n$ n: Q. o1 S' G: z$ g
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
! F1 V g% ^+ ~& J( q# ]
# L: B1 T& A. |$ `2 D2 {9 f" N6 v( |& J/ y, u x: W3 @
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 7 I8 {# E3 d' V
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b ( h' l) f M; F! y$ _2 T" W8 C1 x
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
8 h1 ]. ?! A0 H: Sdisagree.
6 o: {3 @. Q& a/ E+ j2 V- P a+ R+ i( T; n: d
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ - V9 d; @' X5 o$ j$ G
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 a! @% o7 D2 ]7 ?# t
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 / S+ F9 r+ o+ f! ?
L3 q$ v) U3 V$ B- WI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ! G V3 j) t: z. x* h+ K
1 T9 Q: H; |% f" q9 d1 t
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
0 f" W' n7 M# U; |( V& M- r8 D+ c5 p4 m7 r* D& x: R; p
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies ' n$ {* h+ m) i' a y+ {
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, : r" p6 t( P) R8 }* P; {# X
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h + \$ n5 V" s8 ^
ave acted. ) s& @7 K$ t- r
: k( b7 `" a9 z+ c8 y4 l此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 . I" }! G1 i6 z \( M' h
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 8 O* |" i. y- T: ]' K
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 $ I# t! H* h3 G, Y9 Z. m# v
0 C: O Q: {" z2 R6 Z
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. % O. e( B* p4 m8 ^7 J
9 A: I4 r: {; A* D+ u! v' l改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
- v4 z) G: d" ^8 X# V" Z
5 c" j! X& z- D$ kTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
! k6 T2 `$ f; K: j0 k3 ythe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
1 }/ c* f" _) M: E8 a/ T6 {+ f1 D
3 y. V' R" ~4 [! ^1 N8 X! h+ ^1 l2 Q为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 # ]7 M+ _0 w$ E% I q
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 ( M/ l- q" r( u# N
" l+ j" K1 q* P0 w5 V$ u. }& y
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
; e! t" ?- r, J; k, ynterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o : M% J% u2 P& @0 H% N* q! I. r& l
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
( [0 P# o! |; l. U' s5 nermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. & x3 A: c6 K1 O7 F! e
% l+ W: `" N7 L$ r0 S; v即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 5 D$ L- f, e2 v- a
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 ! V6 C* B! I: z: I# l( W
再次发生类似事故。 * A) y+ m* {/ C
3 K$ q! K& ]- R. R9 X: y2 h" F3 ^
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
" q* A8 g6 T- ~in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ) |5 u; n" V. E, D$ |4 Q
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve / t9 X3 g; w9 D' d: Q
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
/ Z! X5 w+ m; `+ E" t! u! p; L
9 m9 P. d1 L- c( \. W但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 % |5 P9 p/ y4 w2 x1 N t
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 7 ]2 c" d8 _& P T7 |
。” : |6 ?. R) u- O# _
3 r4 g* ~" C% B5 @& a5 V* m# |9 cThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
4 f, P' F6 d+ l+ j" g0 y1 ?ths. 9 D; b* M- e# Y+ C! x
) g! ^0 `' X0 M3 E/ o' [: P显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 0 O6 g, K8 g3 h; I
4 b1 G* V X- n" ]' N% ?$ T4 KWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill , Z7 U% U) j* c9 ^
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
& h) x8 f7 f i3 e3 {easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
8 i* y; p8 W. H! Rto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 9 c0 f$ `3 r. {; b) m/ [
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 5 f v4 @ u% {
# ?' ?% F; S# S+ e
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 , G1 k( i( t: \2 }
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 - Z. J1 Z5 T# n, Y- u8 y
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, + C" a& h% y" [, U/ h4 `7 y$ @
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
. l- j" f- c0 T+ u% W( W; A, a9 S* @$ v
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second 8 `- S- n! G. _: S( c5 H" x
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
. t6 @1 U' b7 F0 F) ~. G
6 p+ d: e* U6 Y+ P. Y& D就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 9 p! ~; G+ W4 T
的事件中找到解决办法。 4 Y2 s6 |/ p0 o- J5 w
, z8 A6 ~& G3 a* {2 `) V O
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
; g. a, d4 W$ x0 W3 r/ E% J4 p# ze have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho - ?6 h0 X3 h: ]1 H" R
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
& _% U8 `- I" ], G% F4 s+ Re caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
; ]: ]" i E# b/ jf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to : Q# Z5 q& Y1 N# @
matter. . i# f! v1 ]" S8 e: \
1 O) x, S: _! l% N$ Y a8 t
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
6 ]4 `4 B& s; I! ~) V1 e答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 & ?3 A4 f! m- N! I( \; o
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 , {$ [% y7 b' P5 K
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 & h! h- Q F( b% n
实际效果。
' @& j8 } z- E. C% `
! q7 ?2 w( L/ `4 q$ D3 jCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
/ n' M6 l& H9 V) g( h; ~ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ! t/ q" O, \$ }4 u' Q# O
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
5 B& w/ \, f m$ }ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
( N" F7 {4 y# Z# I3 `8 }cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
: ^0 ~, n! x1 a2 ?/ b2 l- P( r7 Q$ f9 N+ X! w7 y3 Y
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, 1 p# } i1 h& x5 D' |
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
+ c% r) i- z! k0 @6 [5 n7 _是最简单的蚊帐。 & J* ~8 z& T& A4 G. r5 l: l
3 g0 E9 @9 v H2 V: dThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
8 ~6 F9 r) i4 b6 y8 v9 }. {2 Edisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou ' b" s5 Y6 H* ^, O6 s
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government - g- P5 _9 x2 x/ [
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 8 x9 d' F' K7 |0 l% r! R+ B9 @3 P/ Y: P
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what * E1 Z6 g7 @6 v4 ]
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
# A2 D& H; T' Y' M; g$ f8 V% l0 t- ^) Gople to avoid risky behavior.
* \/ C) V9 M* L- Z+ T- i* V1 m+ `0 d) X: B$ t- e3 O f8 N
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 8 t* ^8 G" ]( @* H5 y1 q
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
- a+ E7 E4 [. Z0 E5 e5 N$ c金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
) W% r& m' I* y1 a0 m6 C7 K时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
! w0 O8 }! d7 K( \! U0 B为。 5 m8 t; d+ E" E# ]9 h* i) t
b3 z2 u! i6 ^Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The % F( K6 |( _( r+ t0 n9 ?
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
% j: v+ I3 H+ X: Jd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
1 n! L, f5 a: j No complexity and quit. 7 E# E: V1 t8 p. r* P, \ h3 X
2 J+ x. N1 W2 `5 V3 [3 S- R
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 " g/ k" M7 d3 S+ E
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 ' e( `7 R5 l) G; z( b/ j" m0 \: O
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 . Y# K5 S2 o d3 I2 ]6 X A! l8 l
2 U' q. s7 d% k7 F5 eThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
2 _8 z; _3 U$ Y+ [& ^! yasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
, _6 o. t2 K' A6 b8 m( j5 M! zhers learn from your efforts. 3 k; }2 z \# [- y
7 O$ B c$ ]) c3 I( x; f& `
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
* V7 U, ]& u2 q+ ?+ P失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 * r" ]6 ^" l7 G, v
$ S% T, d$ T! k1 S
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a u( J* m+ K/ a- `% G
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 8 Q9 F8 y* H( j# \3 F, H/ b
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential + c$ ^ r$ o7 ^7 ]
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
) I" L2 @. U0 ^usiness and government. / A' n; W3 y) ~! G6 z
3 [+ L0 [( ?6 Q. w% y1 }当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
: a& j+ F7 [! J! K6 l' s% J。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 * }* Y" U, m6 M) h( \# [9 x
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
+ d7 U7 n, ~7 n/ R) |% w! m- P9 o1 N: i8 _3 z! q+ H$ ~% s
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n $ b4 \) l9 \' A' X
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
p- d" E' I9 V5 v7 y" b# T3 p& V9 Fwhat saving a life means to the families affected. " {3 r' p/ _- y! T: C
- L8 W0 e) R4 r1 G4 V# h但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ; m( u! Q; b8 V3 s5 a- e3 W
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
1 ?6 M0 {) l" M2 }) N2 X0 s的家庭到底意味着什么。
+ q L3 Q9 R* n3 _( z
8 k$ T0 c7 x% } O1 S6 MI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
! v) z* E5 ]+ @9 q0 `1 B" ?# nthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 4 r. G* ?- ?% U: }7 g+ r* Z' O$ @0 I
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 1 e0 N( b2 n' @0 t6 C0 w
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c & {3 B* Q5 l! _2 U
ouldn't bear it. 9 u& Z) O5 d; H" I
1 J6 ^+ R3 K4 _: `- M
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 " o4 }/ D/ R3 s: g% M/ j+ V3 W
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
: C7 h/ Y1 H; Y4 {这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 1 m/ x* }9 x/ ]5 L
我无法强迫自己听下去。 + a) k& w' N9 y& e0 S& l
+ z- `2 I0 {' P- l, pWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
* T7 ~+ K0 [/ @2 { tevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we - x+ ^* [; O; [: C* f: N) H
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 9 c3 T4 I! ?+ n9 k$ }2 r( d2 X
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
: X, G' [( |5 l c% ^* S, M+ Kives? + t0 ]6 a: h0 X3 a5 K1 R
2 S# _/ C0 {0 Q9 Q那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 + X6 d8 d9 ~! c) u7 U
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
: i6 Y% C" O4 g* Y让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? ! V& L6 K2 e- t/ ~+ l# p
; D+ Z( Z# `* M4 \9 \
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. . s& e7 w+ f* ]- E
And how you do that – is a complex question.
& ^) I* V5 k6 I2 C4 i5 o& H/ T
- P$ y7 f& Z3 F. c. }除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
$ N; G5 i, g. O7 G" b& @/ ~点,并不是一件简单的事。
& h) P- Q, b0 `% A; D L3 _ o! L) [- x. j
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too 9 D/ O2 S5 V' N& D1 Q$ B* K% |! I
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 0 n. B3 S- _$ N& C. A1 x
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur : u3 m1 R: n" V! Y
e can be different from the past. ( w$ c3 M% o9 b1 }" @' Z2 s
* o y+ s ^4 c+ t7 o2 X( o
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, " j" b! X+ k4 Z Z* E) l2 a- u
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 - {4 ~8 _5 v9 P m/ [
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
2 @3 b, y5 e5 M* d g+ H0 Q
- J3 C* n# s0 I& f. a% X* nThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute j9 {) E, L T. z! q2 A
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove ! G7 N9 A4 N/ t1 \( H
rty and end death from preventable disease. 6 `5 Q# V3 ~( D9 H
/ E, H2 i$ s( S# \. |/ r1 U这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
: N8 n( \6 @) Q1 z3 D一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
6 \$ ]- [, ?3 U/ E$ ~* o0 k1 g& Z, B
2 ~1 m) t# T+ ISixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
9 H, L, s \7 I/ t0 Q3 ~/ |n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
2 ], o2 W0 p5 `, N# D# ys that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
. n4 S/ N$ }& H. E& l3 Ects presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f # i# L$ l0 M) q& |! {) h
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
$ z4 x6 H! `8 Z; C: \8 Svirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 9 m% C1 g9 Q0 _2 A) S# X3 c
f the situation." , S4 f+ K5 y0 E' m3 J( M
4 E% q U- M8 |六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
/ @, @- z7 t' [' z4 v国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
$ t, b2 s0 U! p5 ], \( ]' i" {' ~源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 # J+ Q5 g8 |: _# o6 i
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
2 o9 {; G) E5 P- y) w$ S! }# m1 e1 K, g7 k7 {
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
; u5 ^) g9 J& Z, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v ' C' ^; v! R: K1 @* r8 O4 l
isible, less distant.
S. L: v; N+ l5 F$ V- l& C# X; F7 b" Y6 S! J# H
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 # `; q$ M# K8 Z4 a3 K5 ]7 W
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
# ]) S' M8 s8 v+ h
}% V) D$ s& G. F3 u% CThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
; Z( [' c5 H! o' j1 rhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
3 Q0 { s- @/ v' ` c9 I4 d) ]2 g' d* F4 P/ A
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 2 _' S( y/ Z3 v ^3 _ t
大的机会。 ! h. | u3 E, }" {. h* Z- m
1 k4 u0 A' C0 |: D. D% m+ K4 |The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 8 c' O6 ~% w2 k% ?- Z# T9 M
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
4 x3 V: N. w$ R6 t W- ~0 Wrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc - b% R5 }* k1 k9 f& a8 J
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 6 s$ R6 R( @; I4 d
# a5 O+ O# X# s
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 0 C4 o" ^/ k* ^! D0 i$ Y# Y
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 ; s0 i+ C- S0 y: y/ s4 }
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 / |3 D4 S3 E& R; q
3 A) X h9 l* b* JAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 6 b8 h* Z2 ?& H c; o) E
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
: v) B- D3 v$ S. O, nscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w 4 i+ _+ y5 o: l! d0 f7 s- w
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
2 f/ F1 t' t8 [, A4 wo the world. : l% T' }( k M% D" B5 r8 ]
m/ H; X6 e0 S7 {. O
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 * U2 Z4 C$ }0 y! D$ {! W: N
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 & ~3 q/ Q& F) ~: I
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 ) }' ^- W- n( r$ o$ Z) L
1 W6 Q3 b: d1 Q
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because $ y% ~: ]8 H& N- j& P/ F! b
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one * \% n; Q0 Y1 l1 a1 x& r
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
6 ^6 ?* T* S5 k* Oor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
S* B1 I( Q/ z8 J+ G9 Y; Fsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
5 j+ w) ?( {) T# A4 H: q Rss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. , N1 L. c8 P' o. z5 e- c
$ z! P- z8 T8 e6 Y
" H9 M. j5 X( J# R9 ]1 F: G5 R6 ^我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 " Z$ M! x7 g6 x5 D) n7 e/ ]
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
. ^8 ?4 o" ?3 p% D- F" Z机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 / ]5 s. u5 g; S7 H8 m# W
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
: h/ z# W7 X" \8 f- ^: a3 R2 E1 l' o, k8 d( r, P
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
8 u- S6 N- ]3 F0 ~# R! x3 ys of intellectual talent in the world. & R4 ~5 x1 D' c9 l
8 R2 ~! O% z5 l! u& M哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
' W8 e# M+ l7 g0 h. _, C# W
1 _' G3 H: @8 Z! S( xWhat for? + @0 \) o2 N$ z; q7 O/ a! i
4 ^1 g$ x2 K$ R: W# ^0 u我们可以做些什么? ! Y) J [3 K3 t7 x2 J1 F
4 X+ X& m. m7 g3 l2 e
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
, \7 L i/ E) b' ^* a: vactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an % a& h& ]/ M+ z* ]
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
, r/ a8 E( E! Z2 J- \improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
$ ?/ }2 X; ~& Q: a
( ~9 J* g- \1 j0 t+ s1 J% j! k毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
5 q' O$ b2 ^' W的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
, H: V+ Y m8 M6 b1 n来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
1 i- g7 J; H; M; P
6 ]3 ?! Q" v5 j* w- y7 N+ J2 w( o3 rLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
# x e3 a5 p3 y) M8 W1 Aers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, " _8 E0 W2 o0 G7 H' }
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
7 E( L2 o% v3 m/ D. S3 R
$ V0 j; x1 h& d3 {7 |9 G请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
7 u \5 e7 x% g# | p! G老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
# m0 T5 X0 w4 n2 {. S) V" t; S n, o, r" O1 j& v5 i
- O) @' v" a+ gShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
+ ]1 ^. c+ n* X# l. h6 u& d' x# }5 ~% O& C
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
5 ]$ H$ a" Z8 I% ^, G8 p p
8 t( Y7 _. ?; a# FShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
* v& B5 t/ U9 M; h) _: V& |! |Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
; z' U- o3 v, O+ qnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch + H2 s3 o4 D: O
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? ( K" M7 O8 M! Y( {
4 c# H: _8 A. l. V8 Q! _$ o n2 r% U哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
8 w, O ~4 j" }9 p端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
9 t3 e5 A Q5 e1 q `. A…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
. ~ r4 X! S' ]! e( \+ y
5 _- u/ N" F' R* t3 c" w+ WShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 3 ]! o7 X! j- \5 n! o+ V
least privileged?
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& T- u% n F. U4 w5 P2 B F8 p那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? 9 T! C' ^: y8 N; n
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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: Y# i: Y- Y7 W$ V! @这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 ' M4 D& {, L3 G' E9 e }5 P
$ c9 S+ J: m$ h8 V+ c+ h6 I' |My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop , C; `* G! |* \! n0 D$ i" f$ P) Z
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste ) k9 K& E: s6 U/ W `
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had % G0 {+ p/ F& N$ d
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s % ~ J" O6 i$ w8 I" ^# F' H
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
# y1 V1 T; q2 ~+ @she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." ' q8 I6 J& O( A/ L9 P4 [
# x" U$ B1 ~: f& u
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 & ?7 ~+ \7 @' l0 T, y/ K( f
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
, B! c) k* m; G% c5 w/ S! R& i,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 . D( J* w. t/ w$ \; m6 [" Q8 f! h
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
+ W0 B+ q, i9 ]. F% C“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
3 w$ U/ U; w( O; S的期望也就越大。” ; m! v5 t6 F! L$ o) e; \" D
7 {6 I1 j8 ?* v( J& h. h6 c/ p
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
0 k3 [1 o ^3 ^! ]5 S5 ^4 {7 pent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 2 M6 q4 X% S {9 S& K& M$ w
has a right to expect from us.
+ z: ]' ?' {- B' d& K8 w( M) P
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
. }" X2 S$ y& |, C& Z7 J以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
) {% h* b( U9 w4 v" P
$ q$ P- }# A7 @' c6 r+ fIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h ! a0 ~1 o2 A; a4 T- z1 f& [
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp " Q$ o8 a3 O. i
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
) o/ f" J8 |- z D {; L- M3 {nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
! T* F( l, z0 G* K+ p4 mek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
! i7 e2 C; d7 ^. ewith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 1 T4 |4 P( l: E( J0 n
7 ?8 ~$ \+ q' V8 ~* ^1 Z1 ~2 H3 {, I: e
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 6 o3 ?+ ]4 w: t
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 , Q! A& S+ z) T' z, d) Y
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
1 R' S }7 c& l* a5 V你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, 3 T* N* Y5 ?8 D5 R
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
0 p% H0 X* b! p% a) U* y7 S/ z% O+ c, n1 P9 T1 ?5 v, w3 a
Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi $ T- \+ H% B U l. `% s& ]9 ]
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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( }& W: d' g& `* F+ |不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 2 H/ v9 f# {% l \. q6 U# N4 f; X
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
3 @4 V6 X& D0 Z5 A3 R$ h
f+ s+ W) Z; S- i Z8 `) fYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
% d+ |9 b7 K5 v( B5 L- A; thave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
+ j: W; G/ x( t W- fal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
+ f8 U5 m5 ], _8 T: n# Z* r# d9 [ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
5 Q9 K0 l3 [2 M7 z. Those lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 3 ] ?6 R! w+ C$ p0 u
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. & l5 u' o# d1 j* \, D
! R0 R% f2 b1 w3 n8 l/ `/ X% |3 Y在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
7 u0 c6 I+ l1 b9 S# t, e们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 - r L- k% d$ j" L, i8 [7 w
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
1 s( H0 ^ b+ \受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
3 g8 S4 [- U/ ?. q更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
* E- ~* G% Y# q: m- R2 D$ v/ a4 g4 J) c% ]& I8 |' }( p
Knowing what you know, how could you not? 7 }# ^* F& |$ S& a
4 w- p( \ z3 \+ F0 W) ]1 C2 }7 X
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? ) C2 K n+ ]5 f2 e, c! b2 S
. Y$ |" v: ~- N6 P
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
1 R7 G( I$ q- v+ z, _what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
. k, E; C% | _1 X/ v( {urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well , x; V8 I; ~& l3 ~
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
0 ]+ {. k7 P/ @" \0 Yeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ! k! p7 S& r3 q; s& e. p
! \% u7 V2 H/ F5 b1 F
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
' b2 q/ r5 S+ ^% P' C8 R望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
3 Q4 U9 z' L& U- H% G! H5 K+ c" k4 y变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
' o3 ?& X& o N7 V7 H: T8 \不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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